Chapman IM. Obesity in old age. Obes Metab. 2008;36:97–106.
Article
Google Scholar
Nam GE, Kim Y-H, Han K, Jung J-H, Rhee E-J, Lee S-S, et al. Obesity fact sheet in Korea, 2019: prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity from 2009 to 2018 and social factors. J Obesity Metab Syndr. 2020;29(2):124.
Article
Google Scholar
Seo MH, Kim Y-H, Han K, Jung J-H, Park Y-G, Lee S-S, et al. Prevalence of obesity and incidence of obesity-related comorbidities in Koreans based on National Health Insurance Service health checkup data 2006–2015. J Obesity Metab Syndr. 2018;27(1):46.
Article
Google Scholar
Organization WH: The Asia-Pacific perspective: redefining obesity and its treatment. 2000.
Google Scholar
Kim TN. Elderly obesity: is it harmful or beneficial? J Obesity Metab Syndr. 2018;27(2):84.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Hollmann W, Strüder HK, Tagarakis CV, King G. Physical activity and the elderly. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2007;14(6):730–9.
Article
Google Scholar
St-Onge M-P, Gallagher D. Body composition changes with aging: the cause or the result of alterations in metabolic rate and macronutrient oxidation? Nutrition. 2010;26(2):152–5.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li C-w, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N, Jiang Z, Liu T, Ma S, et al. Pathogenesis of sarcopenia and the relationship with fat mass: descriptive review. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022;13(2):781–94.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yoon YS, Oh SW. Optimal waist circumference cutoff values for the diagnosis of abdominal obesity in Korean adults. Endocrinol Metab. 2014;29(4):418–26.
Article
Google Scholar
Gimigliano F, Moretti A, de Sire A, Calafiore D, Iolascon G. The combination of vitamin D deficiency and overweight affects muscle mass and function in older post-menopausal women. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2018;30(6):625–31.
Article
Google Scholar
de Sire A, Ferrillo M, Lippi L, Agostini F, de Sire R, Ferrara PE, et al. Sarcopenic dysphagia, malnutrition, and Oral frailty in elderly: a comprehensive review. Nutrients. 2022;14(5):982.
Article
Google Scholar
Kalyani RR, Corriere M, Ferrucci L. Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: the effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2(10):819–29.
Article
Google Scholar
Al Saedi A, Debruin DA, Hayes A, Hamrick M. Lipid metabolism in sarcopenia. Bone. 2022;164:116539.
Article
Google Scholar
Kim M, Won CW. Sarcopenia in Korean community-dwelling adults aged 70 years and older: application of screening and diagnostic tools from the Asian working group for sarcopenia 2019 update. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(6):752–8.
Article
Google Scholar
Park Y, Peterson LL, Colditz GA. The plausibility of obesity paradox in cancer—point. Cancer Res. 2018;78(8):1898–903.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Leigheb M, de Sire A, Colangelo M, Zagaria D, Grassi FA, Rena O, et al. Sarcopenia diagnosis: reliability of the ultrasound assessment of the tibialis anterior muscle as an alternative evaluation tool. Diagnostics. 2021;11(11):2158.
Article
Google Scholar
Ju S-Y, Lee J-Y, Kim D-H. Association of metabolic syndrome and its components with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the elderly: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine. 2017;96(45):e8491.
Article
Google Scholar
Choi S, Chon J, Lee SA, Yoo MC, Yun Y, Chung SJ, et al. Central obesity is associated with lower prevalence of sarcopenia in older women, but not in men: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2022;22(1):1–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Lim S, Shin H, Song JH, Kwak SH, Kang SM, Won Yoon J, et al. Increasing prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korea: the Korean National Health and nutrition examination survey for 1998-2007. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(6):1323–8.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Baumgartner RN. Body composition in healthy aging. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2000;904(1):437–48.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Davison KK, Ford ES, Cogswell ME, Dietz WH. Percentage of body fat and body mass index are associated with mobility limitations in people aged 70 and older from NHANES III. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2002;50(11):1802–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Chen L-K, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung T-W, Chou M-Y, Iijima K, et al. Asian working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):300–7 e302.
Article
Google Scholar
Kim M, Won CW, Kim M. Muscular grip strength normative values for a Korean population from the Korea National Health and nutrition examination survey, 2014-2015. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201275.
Article
Google Scholar
Kemmler W, Von Stengel S, Schoene D. Longitudinal changes in muscle mass and function in older men at increased risk for sarcopenia—the FrOST-study. J Frailty Aging. 2019;8(2):57–61.
CAS
Google Scholar
Mesinovic J, McMillan LB, Shore-Lorenti C, De Courten B, Ebeling PR, Scott D. Metabolic syndrome and its associations with components of sarcopenia in overweight and obese older adults. J Clin Med. 2019;8(2):145.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Fukuoka Y, Narita T, Fujita H, Morii T, Sato T, Sassa MH, et al. Importance of physical evaluation using skeletal muscle mass index and body fat percentage to prevent sarcopenia in elderly Japanese diabetes patients. J Diabetes Investig. 2019;10(2):322–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Morgan PT, Smeuninx B, Breen L. Exploring the impact of obesity on skeletal muscle function in older age. Front Nutr. 2020:286.
Li C, Kang B, Zhang T, Gu H, Man Q, Song P, Liu Z, Chen J, Wang X, Xu B. High visceral fat area attenuated the negative association between high body mass index and sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Chinese people. In: Healthcare: Vol. 8, No. 4. 2020. MDPI: 479.
Brioche T, Pagano AF, Py G, Chopard A. Muscle wasting and aging: experimental models, fatty infiltrations, and prevention. Mol Asp Med. 2016;50:56–87.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gruberg L, Weissman NJ, Waksman R, Fuchs S, Deible R, Pinnow EE, et al. The impact of obesity on the short-term andlong-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention: the obesity paradox? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(4):578–84.
Article
Google Scholar
Hulens M, Vansant G, Lysens R, Claessens A, Muls E. Exercise capacity in lean versus obese women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;11(5):305–9.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Tomlinson D, Erskine R, Morse C, Winwood K, Onambélé-Pearson G. The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age. Biogerontology. 2016;17(3):467–83.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Senior HE, Henwood TR, Beller EM, Mitchell GK, Keogh JW. Prevalence and risk factors of sarcopenia among adults living in nursing homes. Maturitas. 2015;82(4):418–23.
Article
Google Scholar
Bowman K, Delgado J, Henley WE, Masoli JA, Kos K, Brayne C, et al. Obesity in older people with and without conditions associated with weight loss: follow-up of 955,000 primary care patients. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;72(2):203–9.
Article
Google Scholar
Carnethon MR, De Chavez PJD, Biggs ML, Lewis CE, Pankow JS, Bertoni AG, et al. Association of weight status with mortality in adults with incident diabetes. JAMA. 2012;308(6):581–90.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Aune D, Sen A, Prasad M, Norat T, Janszky I, Tonstad S, et al. BMI and all cause mortality: systematic review and non-linear dose-response meta-analysis of 230 cohort studies with 3.74 million deaths among 30.3 million participants. BMJ. 2016;353:i2156.
Article
Google Scholar
Wang Y, Simpson JA, Wluka AE, Teichtahl AJ, English DR, Giles GG, et al. Relationship between body adiposity measures and risk of primary knee and hip replacement for osteoarthritis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2009;11(2):1–10.
Article
Google Scholar
Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Zoico E, Harris TB, Meigs JB, Di Francesco V, et al. Health consequences of obesity in the elderly: a review of four unresolved questions. Int J Obes. 2005;29(9):1011–29.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wannamethee SG, Atkins JL. Muscle loss and obesity: the health implications of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. Proc Nutr Soc. 2015;74(4):405–12.
Article
Google Scholar
Jensen GL, Hsiao PY. Obesity in older adults: relationship to functional limitation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2010;13(1):46–51.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Pischon T, Boeing H, Hoffmann K, Bergmann M, Schulze MB, Overvad K, et al. General and abdominal adiposity and risk of death in Europe. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(20):2105–20.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Peters SA, Bots SH, Woodward M. Sex differences in the association between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of myocardial infarction: results from the UK biobank. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(5):e008507.
Article
Google Scholar
Hansen M. Female hormones: do they influence muscle and tendon protein metabolism? Proc Nutr Soc. 2018;77(1):32–41.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Unger RH. Longevity, lipotoxicity and leptin: the adipocyte defense against feasting and famine. Biochimie. 2005;87(1):57–64.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Rubio-Ruiz ME, Guarner-Lans V, Pérez-Torres I, Soto ME. Mechanisms underlying metabolic syndrome-related sarcopenia and possible therapeutic measures. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(3):647.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Chen Y-C, Lin W-C, Cheng T-T, Chen J-F, Yu S-F, Hsu C-Y. Lower central fat increase risk of one-year muscle mass loss in menopausal women. Mediat Inflamm. 2020;2020:4650318.
Article
Google Scholar
McTiernan A, Wu L, Chen C, Chlebowski R, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Modugno F, et al. Relation of BMI and physical activity to sex hormones in postmenopausal women. Obesity. 2006;14(9):1662–77.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Ouchi N, Walsh K. Adiponectin as an anti-inflammatory factor. Clin Chim Acta. 2007;380(1-2):24–30.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar