Table 2 Two-year effect of obesity on sarcopenia parameters according to sex

BMI ≥ 25 (n = 202)

BMI < 25 (n = 204)

P-value

BMI ≥25 (n = 266)

BMI < 25 (n = 253)

P-value

Δ HGS, kg (mean ± SD)

− 0.33 ± 3.56

− 0.22 ± 3.13

0.747

−0.45 ± 2.93

−0.41 ± 2.60

0.852

Δ ASMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)

− 0.38 ± 0.62

− 0.48 ± 0.59

0.084

− 0.24 ± 0.56

−0.27 ± 0.56

0.507

Δ SPPB (mean ± SD)

−0.35 ± 1.26

−0.20 ± 1.09

0.187

−0.43 ± 1.44

−0.58 ± 1.56

0.249

WC ≥90 (n = 218)

WC < 90 (n = 188)

P value

WC ≥85 (n = 338)

WC < 85 (n = 181)

P value

Δ HGS, kg (mean ± SD)

−0.09 ± 3.18

−0.44 ± 3.48

0.302

−0.41 ± 2.63

−0.44 ± 2.84

0.890

Δ ASMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)

−0.33 ± 0.59

−0.54 ± 0.62

< 0.001**

−0.20 ± 0.54

−0.35 ± 0.57

0.04*

Δ SPPB (mean ± SD)

−0.37 ± 1.24

−0.16 ± 1.10

0.072

−0.51 ± 1.48

−0.49 ± 1.55

0.902

PBF ≥ 28 (n = 175)

PBF < 28 (n = 231)

P value

PBF ≥ 34 (n = 233)

PBF < 34 (n = 286)

P value

Δ HGS, kg (mean ± SD)

−0.30 ± 3.46

−0.26 ± 3.27

0.907

−0.22 ± 2.91

−0.6 ± 2.64

0.125

Δ ASMI, kg/m² (mean ± SD)

−0.27 ± 0.52

−0.55 ± 0.65

< 0.001**

−0.15 ± 0.47

−0.70 ± 0.67

< 0.001**

Δ SPPB (mean ± SD)

−0.20 ± 1.10

−0.27 ± 0.52

0.147

−0.44 ± 1.45

−0.56 ± 1.54

0.374