Driving the determinants of older people’s mental health in the context of urban resilience: a scoping review

Vahabi, Sajad; Lak, Azadeh; Panahi, Niloofar

doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04387-y

BMC Geriatrics

Table 1 Themes of older adults mental health extracted from the scoping review

From: Driving the determinants of older people’s mental health in the context of urban resilience: a scoping review

Dimensions	Sub-Dimensions		Indicators	Definition	References
Person	Personal characteristics/determinants		Age		[9, 13,14,15,16, 22, 33,34,35,36,37, 40, 46, 48, 50, 51, 53, 61,62,63,64,65,66]
			Gender		[9, 13, 14, 16, 22, 33, 35,36,37, 43, 46, 51, 61, 64,65,66,67,68]
			Education level		[14, 34, 36, 48, 51, 61, 62, 64, 66,67,68]
			Ethnicity		[9, 16, 34, 61, 64, 66]
			Marital status		[9, 13, 16, 32, 34, 37, 44, 48, 61, 62, 64,65,66]
			Occupation		[16, 33, 36, 65]
			Household size		[13]
			Sedentary lifestyle		[37]
			Mutual-support		[69]
			Living arrangement		[35]
	Behavioral attitude/ determinants		Cigarette smoking		[14, 61] [13, 14, 68]
			Alcohol consumption		[13, 14, 36]
			Practicing exercises/ kind/frequency/length of activity		[68]
	Health Status		Physical health status		[13, 22, 36, 39, 50, 64]
			Pain feeling		[68]
			Well being		[16]
			Functional ability		[64, 65]
			Self-reported health		[9, 44, 66]
			Body mass index/obesity		[34, 37, 39]
			Activities of daily living limitation		[61]
			Chronic diseases		[9, 61, 65]
			Comorbidity		[14]
			Cardio-respiratory health		[53]
			Depression history		[66]
			Cognitive function		[65]
			Taking Antidepressant medication		[10]
Place	Subjective Attributes	Land_use	Service proximity (buffer)		[34, 43]
			Public facilities	Community facilities, cultural facilities	[50, 52, 65]
			Land use mix diversity / land-use composition	Amenities and facilities, such as the library, community center, and local shops, traditional clinics, community outreach projects	[9, 35, 37, 39, 52, 65, 69]
			Exercise, sports, and recreation facilities		[35, 61]
		Access	Connectivity	Directness and availability to different areas in a region, composed of the street system, sidewalk network, pedestrian volumes, and directness of route	[35, 39]
			Accessibility services	The proximity of the home block and its neighborhood amenities Systems that provide connections between activities	[35, 40, 42, 43, 65, 69]
			Physical activity/ walkable environment/	Pavements and roads; safe pedestrian crossings Pedestrian infrastructure, good sidewalks, the surface area of open space,	[38, 42, 43, 51, 64]
			Mobility	Exterior and interior accessibility Ease of activities, convenience, disabled facilities, and comfortable movement	[48]
			Transportation (public)	Adequate and affordable public transport; bus stops	[52, 53, 65]
		Physical form	Population density	free from crowds	[9, 36, 43]
			Safety in the built environment		[39, 44, 50, 70]
			Access to nature and green spaces	Contact with nature, green spaces, parks, gardens, micro-climate	[45]
			Physical barriers	freeways, railway lines, rivers, canyons, hillsides	[18]
			Topography/slope		[65]
			Proximity to roads		[15]
			physical permeability		[39]
			Familiarity with environment		[33]
			Perceived aesthetic/environmental attractiveness	Attractiveness and appeal of a place	[39, 42, 67]
			Natural landscape		[67]
			Intersection density		[43]
			Neighborhood Safety		[38, 42, 48, 67]
			Residential density/density of housing		[35, 41]
		Public open spaces	Street lighting	Outdoor Lighting	[37, 53]
			Security to crime		[10, 18, 41, 67]
			Social disorder	not belong, not trust, unfriendly, and no help	[66]
			Availability of blue space		[10]
			Recreation/ public open spaces		[35]
			Cleanness/lack of littering/vandalism/decay	Cleanliness, visual attractiveness,	[39, 70]
			Pollution (air, visual, noise, litter…)	fresh air, free from noise and congestion	[39, 41, 67, 70]
			Proportion of overcrowded		[10]
			Landscape	Outdoor seating/urban furniture/ Seating area for rest	[37, 39]
			outdoor quality		[49]
			Coverage of blue and green spaces		[10]
			Restoration Serene/ Calm/peace	the environment is silent and calm; No contact with many people; Not disturbed by traffic noise	[46]
			Restoration Nature	An environment with natural qualities; Wild and untouched; Free growing	[46]
			Restoration Social	Vistas over the surroundings; An abundance of people and movements in the environment; Possible to watch entertainment or exhibitions	[46]
			Prospect	An environment with open views; Vistas over the surroundings; Plane and well-cut grassy surfaces	[46]
			Restoration Refuge	An environment with many bushes; One can sit and watch other people being active	[46]
			Feelings of renewal		[45]
		Housing	Housing quality variable		[50]
			Neighborhood Safety		[38, 42, 48, 67]
			Residential density/density of housing		[35, 41]
			Household facilities		[49]
			Type of housing		[49, 61]
			The length of residence		[16]
			Indoor space layout		[49]
			History of house		[49]
Process	Social environment		Quality of life/well-being		[16, 62]
			Social safety		[70]
			Proportion female		[10]
			The ratio of older people population in the neighborhood		[42, 61, 70]
			Social interaction	Community and social participation/interaction/relation, sense of community, community building, and sense of belonging	[13, 33, 37, 48, 65]
			Feeling lonely		[37, 48]
			Social housing		[71]
			Social support/ community life facilities and services		[38, 51, 66, 69]
			Education, learning, employment, and volunteering,		[35]
			Social network types	diverse social network, family social network restricted social network	[32]
			Social capital “Bonding capital.”		[40]
			Social capital “Bridging capital.”		[40]
			Quality of social ties	the number of relatives and friends who can offer help when respondents are in need	[64]
			Quantity of social ties	the number of relatives and friends they can meet or contact at least once a month	[64]
			Social trust/ Social cohesion/		[38, 42, 48, 63, 72]
			Social engagement	1-interactions with neighbors, two participate in volunteer work	[72]
			Social contact	meeting relatives; meeting friends; talking to neighbors	[53]
	Cultural Environment		Social activity	Forms of recreation, such as walking and other exercises	[50] [52]
	Cultural Environment		The sense of place: place attachment/ place identity	Heritage, sense of place, the importance of local identity, and cultural components integrated into the planning and management of the site	[51]
	Economic Environment		Health care services		[54]
			Sncome/pension		[10, 69]
			Socio-economic status		[16, 35, 40,41,42, 44, 61]
			Car ownership		[53]
			Homeownership		[61, 67]
			Household income		[13, 36, 47, 50, 51, 65]
Resilience-related Health in the Environment	Infectious disease covid-19		Personally affected by own or other’s illness, deaths		[55]
			Feelings of being fearful, hopelessness, powerlessness, annoyed, frustrated		[24]
			Worried about having the disease		[23]
			The decline in Activity engagement		[56]
			Worried about the pandemic		[55]
			Support needed but not received		[55]
			Contact frequency with children/Others		[55]
			Being hospitalized		[22]
			Physical disconnection		[24]
			Disrupted all types of social support		[24]
	Disasters		Worrying about storms		[57]
	Disasters		loss of friends and family members		[58]

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ISSN: 1471-2318

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