Table 5 Adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression of each components of IC by socioeconomic and lifestyle factors among older adults

Age

60–69

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

70–79

0.69*** (0.60—0.80)

0.63*** (0.53—0.74)

0.98 (0.86—1.11)

0.46*** (0.40—0.53)

0.69*** (0.59—0.81)

80 + 

0.51*** (0.40—0.64)

0.50*** (0.33—0.75)

1.08 (0.89—1.31)

0.18*** (0.14—0.22)

0.46*** (0.38—0.56)

Sex

Male

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Female

0.57*** (0.49—0.65)

1.73*** (1.47—2.04)

0.87** (0.76—0.98)

0.64*** (0.54—0.75)

0.92 (0.80—1.06)

Marital status

Currently in union

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Widowed

0.88* (0.77—1.01)

0.87* (0.74—1.01)

0.72*** (0.64—0.82)

0.79*** (0.68—0.91)

0.91 (0.80—1.04)

Others

0.73** (0.56—0.97)

0.58*** (0.41—0.83)

0.55*** (0.42—0.72)

1.04 (0.74—1.45)

0.99 (0.73—1.34)

Education

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Primary

3.05*** (2.66—3.49)

1.62*** (1.36—1.93)

1.08 (0.95—1.23)

1.09 (0.93—1.29)

1.03 (0.90—1.19)

Secondary

7.43*** (6.14—8.99)

2.13*** (1.72—2.63)

1.30** (1.05—1.60)

1.56*** (1.19—2.04)

1.19 (0.92—1.53)

Higher

14.60*** (11.17—19.08)

2.33*** (1.81—3.00)

1.37** (1.07—1.75)

1.40** (1.06—1.85)

1.72*** (1.36—2.16)

Work status

Never worked

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Not working

1.03 (0.87—1.22)

0.76*** (0.64—0.90)

0.89 (0.77—1.04)

0.77*** (0.65—0.90)

0.76*** (0.64—0.91)

Working

1.15 (0.96—1.38)

0.70*** (0.58—0.85)

1.07 (0.91—1.25)

2.17*** (1.76—2.68)

1.15 (0.96—1.36)

Retired

1.22 (0.94—1.58)

0.93 (0.72—1.21)

1.22* (0.96—1.55)

1.00 (0.74—1.35)

0.84 (0.64—1.10)

Smoke tobacco

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.89 (0.75—1.04)

0.60*** (0.48—0.75)

0.95 (0.84—1.09)

0.98 (0.82—1.17)

0.89 (0.77—1.03)

Chew tobacco

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.90 (0.80—1.02)

0.82** (0.71—0.96)

0.97 (0.87—1.08)

1.01 (0.87—1.17)

1.05 (0.93—1.18)

Episodic alcohol

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

0.59*** (0.48—0.74)

0.68*** (0.54—0.86)

1.06 (0.87—1.27)

0.92 (0.68—1.23)

1.03 (0.84—1.26)

Moderate physical activity

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

1.02 (0.79—1.30)

1.11 (0.90—1.37)

0.91 (0.76—1.08)

1.25 (0.94—1.65)

1.17 (0.97—1.41)

Vigorous physical activity

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

1.12 (0.97—1.31)

0.88* (0.76—1.01)

1.08 (0.97—1.21)

1.35*** (1.12—1.62)

1.19*** (1.06—1.34)

Yoga-related activity

No

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Yes

1.32*** (1.10—1.57)

1.25*** (1.07—1.47)

1.00 (0.88—1.13)

1.12 (0.90—1.39)

1.00 (0.88—1.15)

MPCE quintile

Poorest

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Poorer

1.10 (0.95—1.28)

1.33*** (1.08—1.63)

1.17** (1.03—1.33)

1.00 (0.85—1.19)

0.92 (0.80—1.06)

Middle

1.21** (1.04—1.42)

1.51*** (1.24—1.85)

1.12 (0.97—1.30)

0.92 (0.76—1.11)

0.96 (0.83—1.12)

Richer

1.29*** (1.09—1.52)

1.78*** (1.45—2.20)

0.96 (0.81—1.15)

1.04 (0.86—1.25)

0.94 (0.81—1.10)

Richest

1.25** (1.02—1.54)

2.12*** (1.70—2.64)

1.09 (0.90—1.31)

0.98 (0.76—1.27)

0.77** (0.60—0.99)

Religion

Hindu

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Muslim

1.15* (0.98—1.35)

1.05 (0.87—1.28)

1.02 (0.89—1.17)

0.83** (0.70—0.98)

0.90 (0.78—1.04)

Others

0.97 (0.81—1.15)

1.13 (0.94—1.37)

1.30*** (1.10—1.53)

0.90 (0.74—1.10)

0.71*** (0.59—0.86)

Caste

SC/ST

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

OBC

1.16** (1.01—1.33)

1.27*** (1.07—1.51)

1.25*** (1.11—1.40)

0.95 (0.82—1.11)

1.11* (0.98—1.26)

Others

1.15* (0.99—1.34)

1.47*** (1.23—1.75)

1.04 (0.91—1.19)

0.88 (0.74—1.05)

1.01 (0.87—1.19)

Place of residence

Urban

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Rural

0.61*** (0.53—0.71)

0.48*** (0.42—0.55)

0.98 (0.86—1.12)

1.10 (0.95—1.28)

0.85** (0.73—0.98)

Region

North

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Central

1.20** (1.02—1.41)

0.53*** (0.44—0.65)

0.68*** (0.60—0.78)

0.90 (0.75—1.06)

0.83** (0.72—0.97)

East

1.07 (0.92—1.25)

0.52*** (0.43—0.62)

0.88** (0.78—1.00)

1.06 (0.89—1.27)

0.74*** (0.65—0.85)

Northeast

1.27*** (1.08—1.50)

0.46*** (0.37—0.57)

1.84*** (1.56—2.18)

1.10 (0.91—1.33)

0.99 (0.84—1.16)

West

1.60*** (1.33—1.92)

1.30*** (1.09—1.55)

0.77*** (0.65—0.90)

0.80** (0.66—0.97)

1.06 (0.89—1.26)

South

0.78*** (0.66—0.92)

0.97 (0.81—1.15)

1.15* (0.98—1.34)

1.32*** (1.09—1.60)

1.60*** (1.34—1.90)

Constant

0.61*** (0.46—0.79)

0.28*** (0.21—0.39)

1.45*** (1.13—1.85)

6.24*** (4.70—8.29)

3.61*** (2.83—4.60)

Observation

24,077

24,077

24,077

24,077

24,077