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Table 1 Demographic status and comorbidity in the osteoporotic fracture group and the non-osteoporotic fracture group

From: Comparing proton pump inhibitors with histamin-2 receptor blockers regarding the risk of osteoporotic fractures: a nested case-control study of more than 350,000 Korean patients with GERD and peptic ulcer disease

Variables

Osteoporotic fracture group (cases)

Non-osteoporotic fracture group (controls)

P value

(n = 59,240)

(n = 296,200)

Cohort entry year, n (%)

1.000

 2006

29,139

(49.2)

145,695

(49.2)

 

 2007

13,356

(22.6)

66,780

(22.6)

 2008

7103

(12.0)

35,515

(12.0)

 2009

4450

(7.5)

22,250

(7.5)

 2010

2511

(4.2)

12,555

(4.2)

 2011

1378

(2.3)

6890

(2.3)

 2012

790

(1.3)

3950

(1.3)

 2013

364

(0.6)

1820

(0.6)

 2014

137

(0.2)

685

(0.2)

 2015

12

0.0

60

0.0

Demographic characteristics

 Female sex, n (%)

46,213

(78.0)

231,065

(78.0)

1.000

 Age, mean (SD), years

64.8 (8.0)

64.6 (8.1)

< 0.001

 Residence, n (%)

    

< 0.001

  Urban (large city)

30,466

(51.5)

165,016

(55.7)

 

  Urban (small city)

17,374

(29.3)

85,554

(28.9)

 

  Rural

11,373

(19.2)

45,575

(15.4)

 

 Household income, n (%)

    

< 0.001

  Lowest quintile

13,252

(22.4)

64,122

(21.7)

 

Health checkup/ structured questionnaire

 Height, median (IQR), cm

155 (150–160)

154 (150–160)

< 0.001

 Weight, median (IQR), kg

58 (52–64)

57 (51–63)

< 0.001

 BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2

24.0 (22.1–26.1)

23.7 (21.6–25.9)

< 0.001

 BMI, n (%), kg/m2

  

< 0.001

   < 18.5

2454

(4.1)

7809

(2.6)

 

  18.5–23

21,805

(36.8)

99,135

(33.5)

  23–25

14,959

(25.3)

79,124

(26.7)

  25–30

17,929

(30.3)

98,833

(33.4)

   ≥ 30

2093

(3.5)

11,299

(3.8)

 Current smoking, n (%)

5852

(9.9)

24,306

(8.2)

< 0.001

 Current alcohol drinking, n (%)

11,669

(19.7)

59,453

(20.1)

0.038

 Regular exercise, n (%)

20,962

(35.4)

118,472

(40.0)

< 0.001

Concurrent disease/drug use, n (%)

 Bisphosphonates

44,949

(75.9)

224,745

(75.9)

1.000

 Glucocorticoids

48,134

(81.3)

219,574

(74.1)

< 0.001

 Anticonvulsants

14,735

(24.9)

49,906

(16.9)

< 0.001

 HRT

6061

(10.2)

21,707

(7.3)

< 0.001

 Warfarin

1114

(1.9)

3590

(1.2)

< 0.001

 Heparin

7193

(12.1)

20,023

(6.8)

< 0.001

 Antacids

48,175

(81.3)

215,413

(72.7)

< 0.001

 SSRIs

4605

(7.8)

15,323

(5.2)

< 0.001

 Benzodiazepines

46,995

(79.3)

207,468

(70.0)

< 0.001

 TCAs

11,024

(18.6)

38,293

(12.9)

< 0.001

 Rheumatoid arthritis

9994

(16.9)

33,677

(11.4)

< 0.001

 Hyperthyroidism

4023

(6.8)

15,451

(5.2)

< 0.001

 Chronic kidney disease

994

(1.7)

2990

(1.0)

< 0.001

 COPD

19,700

(33.3)

84,921

(28.7)

< 0.001

 Testicular dysfunction

29

(0.1)

111

0.0

0.199

 Pituitary dysfunction

75

(0.1)

167

(0.1)

< 0.001

 Hyperparathyroidism

302

(0.5)

620

(0.2)

< 0.001

 Cushing’s syndrome

254

(0.4)

522

(0.2)

< 0.001

 Hyperprolactinemia

35

(0.1)

119

0.0

0.044

 Vitamin D deficiency

575

(1.0)

1392

(0.5)

< 0.001

 Idiopathic hypercalciuria

1943

(3.3)

5058

(1.7)

< 0.001

 Diabetes mellitus

9692

(16.4)

42,790

(14.5)

< 0.001

 Intestinal absorption disorder

44

(0.1)

192

(0.1)

0.415

 Chronic liver disease

5775

(9.8)

22,379

(7.6)

< 0.001

 Anorexia nervosa

115

(0.2)

349

(0.1)

< 0.001

 Systemic erythema lupus

183

(0.3)

508

(0.2)

< 0.001

 Inflammatory bowel disease

409

(0.7)

1661

(0.6)

0.000

 Secondary amenorrhea

16

0.0

133

0.0

0.052

 Hypertensive disease

27,839

(47.0)

132,871

(44.9)

< 0.001

 Charlson comorbidity index

    

< 0.001

  0

19,228

(32.5)

107,655

(36.4)

 

  1

18,411

(31.1)

94,854

(32.0)

  2

10,021

(16.9)

47,437

(16.0)

   ≥ 3

11,580

(19.6)

46,254

(15.6)

Follow-up period, median (IQR), years

3.6 (1.8–5.7)

3.6 (1.8–5.7)

1.000

  1. Data were presented as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation
  2. Values are presented as mean (standard deviation, SD), number (percentage) or median (interquartile range, IQR)
  3. PPI use was defined as having been prescribed PPI at least once during the follow-up period
  4. Concurrent diseases were defined using the ICD-10 codes and included chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (J44, 45), testicular dysfunction (E29.1), hypothalamic dysfunction (E23.0), hyperthyroidism (E05), hyperparathyroidism (E21), Cushing’s syndrome (E24), hyperprolactinemia (E22.1), vitamin D deficiency (E55.9), idiopathic hypercalciuria (E83.5), diabetes (E11–14 and diabetic agents), anorexia nervosa (F50.0, 50.1), systemic lupus erythematous (M32), hypertension (I10–13, I15, and use of antihypertensive agents), intestinal absorption disorder (K90), inflammatory bowel disease (K50, 51), chronic kidney disease (N18), and secondary amenorrhea (N91.1)
  5. Comorbidities and medications used were defined as at least one claim for the relevant drug code (main ingredient code) and diagnostic code during the period ranging between 1 year prior to the cohort entry date and end of follow-up
  6. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, HRT hormone replacement therapy, SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, TCAs tricyclic antidepressants, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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