Table 1 Intervention components for intervention and control arms
Module | Dosage & Delivery | Components | Couple-based Intervention Group | Individual-based Control Group | BCT a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health Education & Training | 4 weekly 2-h sessions, delivered by two care managers in class. | Group Education | T2DM patients & their spouses | T2DM patients | Comparison of behavior |
1. Diabetes & Complication | |||||
Understand diabetes Hypoglycemia Glucose monitoring | Couple-level discussion & practice | Patient-level discussion & practice | Shaping knowledge | ||
2. Healthy Diet | |||||
Diabetes nutrition Food label Dietary plan | Collaborative- management Collective behavior goal setting | Self-management Individual behavior goal setting | Social support b Goals & planning | ||
3. Medication | |||||
Taking (multi-) medication Medication adherence Foot care | Couples identify barriers & solutions collaboratively; | Patients identify barriers & solutions themselves; | Antecedents Association | ||
4. Being Active | |||||
Exercise recommendations Risk management Exercise goal & plan | Use “we will” in these activities. | Use “I will” in these activities. | Goals & planning | ||
Behavior Change Booster | 2 months of weekly tailored call | Interactive call tailored to participant’s behavior change barriers, with call frequency varied by their progress. | Deliver to the couple | Deliver to the patient only | Repetition & substitution Feedback & monitoring |
Behavior Change Incentive | Throughout intervention | Vouchers gain or lose by fulfilling or failing management tasks, with group ranking. | Incentives for individual & couple performance | Incentives for individual performance only | Reward & threat |