Table 9 Characteristics of participants in included SR/MA
Reference | Setting/country/ethnicity | Male sex | Age | Comorbidity | Number of coincident medications | Functional status/Frailty level | Cognitive status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aguilar 2005 [49] | Denmark, Spain, USA | 62% | Mean age 70 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Aguilar 2007 [30] | Asia, Austria, Denmark, Greece, Netherlands, South America, South Africa, Spain, USA | Ranged from 45 to 66% | Mean age 64–75 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Andersen 2013 [43] | Not reported | Not reported | Mean age 63.3–81.5 years | Most of the participants had at least one risk factor for cerebral embolism: previous MI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure and/or stroke | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Assiri 2013 [44] | Not reported | 58.7% | Mean age 71 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Baigent 2009 [28] | Asia, Italy, UK, USA | Not reported | Subgroup ≥65 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Cameron 2014 [46] | America, Asia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, UK, | Not reported | Mean age 62–83 years | Prior stroke 3%–55% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Coleman 2012 [56] | Denmark, France, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, USA | Ranged from 41%–100% | Mean age 65–75 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Cooper 2006 [42] | Asia, Australia, Canada, Denmark, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, USA | Ranged from 32%–100% | Mean age 64–80.5 years | Previous stroke 0–100% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Connolly 2013 [61] | Japan, Sweden, USA | 41% | Mean age 57 years, subgroup ≥70 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Dogliotti 2014 [41] | Canada, Japan, UK, USA | Ranged from 46 to 100% | Mean age 64–83 years | Hypertension 31.5–90.5%, diabetes mellitus 4–40%, previous myocardial infarction 8.6–19%, heart failure 5–69.5%, previous TIA/stroke 3.7–70% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Gandhi 2015 [54] | France, Italy, UK | 43% | Mean age 82.2 years | Hypertension 99%, dyslipidemia 52%, coronary heart disease 47%, diabetes mellitus 24%, atrial fibrillation 18%, chronic kidney disease 8.1%, previous myocardial infarction 13% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Halkes 2008 [56] | Canada, France, USA | Ranged from 63 to 64% | Mean age 65 years | Hypertension 58%, diabetes mellitus 16–17%, ischaemic heart disease 25% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Hart 2007 [40] | China, Japan, USA | 75% | Mean age 71 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Hart 1999 [39] | Canada, UK, USA | Ranged from 62 to 71% | Mean age 69–71 years | Hypertension 45–46%, previous TIA/stroke 20–40% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
He 1998 (JAMA) [29] | Australia, Canada, Denmark, France, Sweden, UK. USA, 99% white | 86% | Mean age 59, subgroup ≥64 years | Hypertension 24%, hyperlipidaemia 11%, smoking 21% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Leonardi-Bee 2005 [55] | Canada, France, Italy, Spain, USA | 60% | Mean age 65.4 | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Liang Lin 2015 [63] | Asia, Canada, China, Denmark, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK, USA | NRSs 56%, RCTs 62% | Mean Age 71.5 years, subgroup-analysis age ≥ 75 years | Hypertension 17–94%, chronic heart failure 1–70%, diabetes mellitus 3–45%, prior TIA/stroke 3–55% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Lip 2006 [45] | Canada, Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, USA | Not reported | Mean age 64–80 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Segal 2000 [38] | Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, Sweden, USA | Ranged from 24%–100% | Mean age 66–80 years | Diabetes mellitus 8%–32%, congestive heart failure 9%–71%, hypertension 32%–58% | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Taylor 2001 [37] | Denmark, Italy, Netherlands, USA | Not reported | Mean age 64–80 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Warkentin 2012 [57] | Canada, Denmark, Greece, UK, Spain, USA | Ranged from 47 to 89% | Mean age 62–83 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |
Zhou 2012 [52] | Canada, USA | Ranged from 58.2–89.4% | Mean age 61.7–71 years, subgroup-analysis age ≥ 65 years | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported | Not reported |