Table 1 Characteristics of participants at different time points in the study

Age (\( \overline{\mathrm{x}} \) ± SD)

Baseline

70.54 ± 3.23

69.96 ± 3.85

68.59 ± 3.24

1 year after training

72.28 ± 3.46

71.61 ± 3.97

70.93 ± 3.63

Education (\( \overline{\mathrm{x}} \) ± SD)

Baseline

10.58 ± 4.14

9.33 ± 3.74

11. 00 ± 3.85

1 year after training

11.67 ± 3.20

9.39 ± 4.22

10.71 ± 3.34

Gender (male: female)

Baseline

17:7

13:11

9:8

1 year after training

13:5

8:10

9:5