Strength-balance supplemented with computerized cognitive training to improve dual task gait and divided attention in older adults: a multicenter randomized-controlled trial

Table 2 Dual task costs of walking of SB and SBC from pre- to post-test, between-groups differences and interaction effects

	SBgroup (n = 77)		*SBC*group (n = 74)		pre-post differences (both groups)	between-groups differences	interaction effect
Conditions Parameters	Pre-test (mean ± SD)	Post-test (mean ± SD)	Pre-test (mean ± SD)	Post-test (mean ± SD)	p_within/η2	p_between/η2	p_interaction/η2
DTC preferred
Velocity (%)	13.9 ± 17.8	12.2 ± 15.0	17.5 ± 18.4	11.0 ± 17.5	0.002*/0.051	0.588/0.002	0.067°/0.019
Step time (%)	12.0 ± 25.2	9.6 ± 14.4	31.3 ± 88.7	10.0 ± 18.7	0.018*/0.033	0.061°/0.021	0.061°/0.021
Step length (%)	6.6 ± 9.0	6.6 ± 8.4	7.4 ± 9.7	4.4 ± 9.5	0.025*/0.028	0.558/0.002	0.028*/0.028
SD step length (%)	28.7 ± 53.2	27.9 ± 54.2	24.7 ± 50.4	18.0 ± 51.7	0.426/0.004	0.298/0.007	0.531/0.002
DTC fast
Velocity (%)	26.5 ± 13.2	21.9 ± 9.0	28.6 ± 13.3	22.7 ± 13.1	<0.001*/0.126	0.355/0.005	0.545/0.002
Step time (%)	23.1 ± 24.5	17.2 ± 10.1	18.8 ± 12.7	17.5 ± 17.2	0.035*/0.028	0.368/0.005	0.177/0.012
Step length (%)	10.8 ± 8.5	10.3 ± 6.7	13.1 ± 8.5	9.8 ± 8.3	0.001*/0.073	0.426/0.004	0.009*/0.040
SD step length (%)	17.1 ± 34.9	50.3 ± 150.1	25.1 ± 54.7	20.1 ± 43.2	0.311/0.006	0.625/0.001	0.014*/0.036

Notes: * = significant within-groups differences pre-post (p_within ≤ 0.05) & significant interactions of the groups (p_interaction ≤ 0.05); ° = trends to significant within-groups differences pre-post (0.05 ≥ p_within ≤ 0.10), calculated with ANOVA. Abbreviations: DTC dual task costs, η2: effect size η2 = .01; small effect, η2 = .06; moderate effect, η2 = .14; large effect.

ISSN: 1471-2318