Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants
Characteristics | Quartiles of TyG-BMI index | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q1 (≤ 236.92) N = 357 | Q2 (236.92—278.19) N = 376 | Q3 (278.19—324.10) N = 327 | Q4 (> 324.10) N = 303 | P | |
Age (years) | 72.4 ± 6.8 | 71.1 ± 6.7 | 69.4 ± 6.6 | 67.2 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 |
Female, n (%) | 153 (45.9) | 157 (44.6) | 171 (51.4) | 164 (52.4) | 0.424 |
Height, cm | 165.1 ± 9.8 | 164.9 ± 9.8 | 165.0 ± 10.3 | 165.7 ± 10.3 | 0.770 |
Weight, kg | 66.3 ± 11.0 | 78.1 ± 11.0 | 88.8 ± 12.9 | 84.5 ± 20.7 | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.2 ± 2.4 | 28.6 ± 2.0 | 32.5 ± 2.3 | 39.6 ± 5.3 | < 0.001 |
Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | ||||
Mexican American | 31 (8.7) | 42 (11.2) | 41 (12.5) | 40 (13.2) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 138 (38.7) | 146 (38.8) | 133 (40.7) | 127 (41.9) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 79 (22.1) | 94 (25.0) | 92 (28.1) | 90 (29.7) | |
Other races | 109 (30.5) | 94 (25.0) | 61 (18.7) | 46 (15.2) | |
Alcohol use, n (%) | 0.165 | ||||
Non-drinker | 119 (36.9) | 133 (37.3) | 124 (36.8) | 115 (31.9) | |
1–5 drinks/month | 158 (44.6) | 171 (50.6) | 149 (49.2) | 151 (58.1) | |
5–10 drinks/month | 8 (2.2) | 14 (3.7) | 6 (1.4) | 5 (1.1) | |
≥ 10 drinks/month | 40 (16.2) | 28 (8.4) | 25 (12.5) | 20 (9.0) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.213 | ||||
Never | 189 (55.5) | 182 (48.8) | 157 (47.5) | 143 (48.8) | |
Former | 117 (34.8) | 146 (41.5) | 148 (48.9) | 129 (40.7) | |
Current | 51 (9.8) | 48 (9.8) | 22 (3.7) | 31 (10.5) | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 286 (79.3) | 302 (79.5) | 277 (84.8) | 271 (88.9) | 0.057 |
CHD, n (%) | 53 (14.8) | 69 (18.4) | 66 (20.2) | 65 (21.5) | 0.138 |
Heart failure, n (%) | 33 (9.2) | 44 (11.7) | 39 (11.9) | 48 (15.8) | 0.078 |
Stroke, n (%) | 30 (8.4) | 44 (11.7) | 28 (8.6) | 39 (12.9) | 0.145 |
COPD, n (%) | 12 (3.4) | 14 (3.7) | 7 (2.1) | 44 (3.2) | 0.635 |
Cancer, n (%) | 61 (17.1) | 78 (20.7) | 67 (20.5) | 73 (24.1) | 0.174 |
TG (mmol/L) | 1.12 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 1.1 | 2.2 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
FPG (mmol/L) | 7.7 ± 2.8 | 8.0 ± 2.8 | 8.5 ± 2.8 | 9.2 ± 3.7 | < 0.001 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.4 ± 1.1 | 4.4 ± 1.0 | 4.6 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.1 | 0.028 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.4 ± 0.9 | 2.6 ± 0.9 | 2.5 ± 0.9 | 0.369 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.5 ± 0.7 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.003 |
Glucose lowering agents | |||||
Insulin | 46 (12.9) | 63 (16.8) | 63 (19.3) | 76 (25.1) | < 0.001 |
Metformin | 138 (38.7) | 151 (40.2) | 145 (44.3) | 121 (39.9) | 0.469 |
Acarbose | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.8) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 0.780 |
Sulfonylurea | 92 (25.8) | 88 (23.4) | 100 (30.6) | 104 (34.3) | 0.008 |
DPP4 inhibitors | 28 (7.8) | 20 (5.3) | 28 (8.6) | 18 (5.9) | 0.284 |
SGLT2 inhibitors | 0 (0) | 1 (0.3) | 1 (0.3) | 2 (0.7) | 0.484 |