Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the participants in the experimental and control groups

Gender

0.035

0.851

  Male

9 (37.5)

18 (60.0)

  Female

15 (62.5)

(40.0) 12

Age (years)

0.381

0.827

  69–60

(50.0) 12

(46.7) 14

  70–79

(29.2) 7

(36.7) 11

  > 80

(20.8) 5

(16.7) 5

Marital status

0.613

434. 0

  Single/Divorced/Widowed

(29.2) 7

(20.0) 6

  Married

(70.8) 17

(80.0) 24

Religion

1.274

0.259

  Buddhism

(95.8) 23

(100.0) 30

  Christianity

(4.2) 1

-

Education level

2.796

0.247

  Primary or lower

(62.5) 15

(43.3) 13

  Secondary education

(12.5) 3

(30.0) 9

  Higher Vocational

(25.0) 6

(26.7) 8

Current occupation

0.561

0.454

  Unemployed

(66.7) 16

(56.7) 17

  Employed

(33.3) 8

(43.3) 13

People living together

2.035

0.154

  Relative/Child

(37.5) 9

(20.0) 6

  Spouse

(62.5) 15

(80.0) 24

Regular contact person

1.076

0.300

  Relative/Child

(54.2) 13

(40.0) 12

  Spouse

(45.8) 11

(60.0) 18

Family income per month (baht (THB)/month)

12.400

0.002*

  < 3,000

(41.7) 10

(40.0) 12

  3,001–10,000

(20.8) 5

(23.3) 7

  > 10,000

(37.5) 9

(36.7) 11

Getting help with income

2.078

0.149

  Child

(58.3) 14

(76.7) 23

  Spouse/Relative/Other

(41.7) 10

(23.3) 7

Income sufficiency

5.538

0.019*

  Sufficient

(12.5) 3

(26.7) 8

  Insufficient

(87.5) 21

(73.3) 22

Payment of medical expenses

0.635

0.425

  Pay themselves

2 (8.3 (

(3.3) 1

  Health care coverage

(95.8) 22

(96.7) 29