Clinical parameters | Total (n = 148) | HFrEF (n = 28) | HFmrEF (n = 27) | HFpEF (n=93) | p for comparison between subgroups |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 88 ± 5 | 88 ± 5 | 88 ± 5 | 88 ± 5 | 0.934 |
Sex (males, %) | 62 (42) | 14 (50) | 12 (44) | 36 (38) | 0.545 |
BMI (Kg/m2) | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 5 | 0.985 |
Hypertension (%) | 134 (90) | 27 (96) | 23 (85) | 84 (90) | 0.360 |
Atrial fibrillation (%) | 64 (44) | 11 (40) | 14 (52) | 40 (43) | 0.617 |
Diabetes Mellitus (%) | 31 (21) | 5 (18) | 6 (22) | 20 (21) | 0.902 |
Ischemic Heart Disease (%) | 49 (33) | 12 (43) | 6 (22) | 31 (33) | 0.266 |
Chronic Heart Failure (%) | 72 (48) | 16 (57) | 11 (40) | 45 (48) | 0.475 |
COPD (%) | 47 (32) | 7 (25) | 7 (26) | 33 (35) | 0.447 |
Anemia (Hb < 12 g/dL) (%) | 65 (44) | 9 (32) | 11 (40) | 45 (48) | 0.295 |
Non-end stage CKD (%) | 78 (53) | 18 (64) | 13 (48) | 47 (50) | 0.385 |
Cognitive impairment (%) | 61 (42) | 10 (36) | 14 (52) | 37 (40) | 0.430 |
Loop diuretic (%) | 103 (70) | 21 (75) | 20 (74) | 62 (66) | 0.601 |
Beta-blocker (%) | 86 (58) | 17 (60) | 15 (55) | 54 (58) | 0.907 |
RAASi (%) | 77 (52) | 15 (53) | 11 (40) | 51 (55) | 0.340 |
Framingham HF + (%)a Laboratory parameters | 112 (76) | 24 (86) | 21 (78) | 67 (72) | 0.322 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 7051 (2541-15249) | 9983 (5314-15597) | 5913 (2980-15556) | 5643 (2099-10400) | 0.045 |
eGFR (ml/min) | 46 ± 22 | 40 ± 20 | 49 ± 23 | 47 ± 22 | 0.133 |
LUS parameters | |||||
 B-lines (n) | 12 (6-18) | 16 (13-19) | 12 (6-18) | 12 (6-15) | < 0.001 |
 IS of pleural effusion (n) | 3 (1-4) | 3 (2-4) | 1 (0-3) | 1 (0-3) | 0.016 |
TTE parameters | |||||
 LVEF (%) | 50 ± 11 | 30 ± 7 | 45 ± 1 | 57 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 |
 RWT | 0.49 ± 0.14 | 0.48 ± 0.16 | 0.51 ± 0.16 | 0.48 ± 0.12 | 0.685 |
 LVMi (g/m2) | 106 ± 29 | 120 ± 40 | 110 ± 30 | 102 ± 25 | 0.027 |
 LAVi (ml/m2) | 44 ± 19 | 50 ± 27 | 40 ± 14 | 43 ± 16 | 0.126 |
 E/E’ | 13 ± 4 | 12 ± 5 | 14 ± 5 | 13 ± 4 | 0.336 |
 TRV (m/s) | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 2.6 ± 0.5 | 2.9 ± 0.3 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | 0.462 |
 TAPSE (mm) | 20 ± 5 | 17 ± 4 | 19 ± 4 | 20 ± 5 | 0.059 |
 IVC (mm) | 20 ± 4 | 21 ± 5 | 20 ± 5 | 19 ± 4 | 0.401 |
 PAPs (mmHg) | 40 ± 12 | 37 ± 11 | 41 ± 14 | 41 ± 12 | 0.508 |
 Non-collapsible IVC (%) | 61 (41) | 14 (50) | 13 (48) | 34 (37) | 0.344 |