Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios of abnormality in BADL, IADL, and frailty worse in association with various characteristics among older adults

Age (years)

60–69

ref

ref

ref

70–79

1.33

(0.81–2.19)

1.05

(0.72–1.52)

1.30

(0.82–2.06)

80+

6.59

(3.91–11.12)

1.12

(0.66–1.88)

1.08

(0.56–2.06)

Sex

Male

0.70

(0.46–1.05)

0.78

(0.55–1.11)

1.01

(0.66–1.54)

Female

ref

ref

ref

Live alone

Yes

0.90

(0.48–1.67)

0.52

(0.28–0.96)

1.56

(0.81–3.01)

No

ref

ref

ref

Educational status

Uneducated

ref

ref

ref

Primary School

0.98

(0.53–1.82)

0.94

(0.48–1.84)

1.33

(0.58–3.05)

Junior High School

0.93

(0.44–1.97)

1.25

(0.58–2.72)

1.40

(0.53–3.71)

Senior High School or above

0.58

(0.29–1.14)

1.29

(0.65–2.54)

1.06

(0.46–2.48)

Financial independence.

Yes

0.74

(0.5–1.09)

0.93

(0.66–1.32)

1.18

(0.76–1.81)

No

ref

ref

ref

Impaired IC domain

Cognition

1.12

(0.71–1.77)

1.76

(1.22–2.54)

1.56

(1.00-2.42)

Locomotion

0.99

(0.63–1.57)

5.28

(3.75–7.43)

16.27

(10.47–25.31)

Vitality

0.62

(0.34–1.13)

1.75

(1.16–2.64)

2.30

(1.43–3.70)

Vision

1.05

(0.71–1.55)

1.35

(0.97–1.89)

1.09

(0.72–1.65)

Hearing

1.16

(0.71–1.88)

1.50

(1.02–2.21)

2.40

(1.53–3.78)

Psychological

1.12

(0.65–1.92)

2.17

(1.44–3.28)

2.92

(1.81–4.71)

Medication

1.15

(0.54–2.44)

4.17

(2.35–7.40)

3.37

(1.71–6.64)