Effects of dual-task resistance exercise on cognition, mood, depression, functional fitness, and activities of daily living in older adults with cognitive impairment: a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial

Table 3 Cognitive function, mood, and depression

	Dual-task resistance exercise			Resistance exercise			Between-group difference in change scores^a	p-value (T×G)	Partial η²
	pre	post	Within-group change score^a	pre	post	Within-group change score^†	Between-group difference in change scores^a	p-value (T×G)	Partial η²
MMSE (score)	16.05 ± 2.24	18.27 ± 2.12	2.23 (1.70, 2.76)	16.09 ± 1.97	17.68 ± 2.10	1.59 (1.24, 1.94)	0.64 (0.02, 1.25)	0.044^*	0.094
POMS (score)	72.18 ± 3.96	58.41 ± 5.16	-13.77 (-16.67, -10.88)	72.41 ± 3.73	55.36 ± 5.21	-17.05 (-19.01, -15.08)	-3.27 (-6.67, 0.12)	0.059	0.083
GDS (score)	20.23 ± 1.23	17.27 ± 1.20	-2.96 (-3.65, -2.26)	20.86 ± 1.55	18.64 ± 1.43	-2.23 (-2.82, -1.63)	0.73 (-1.61, 0.16)	0.105	0.061

Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or mean (95% confidence interval)^a
^*Significant time and group interaction
T × G, time and group interaction, MMSE Mini-mental state examination, POMS Profile of mood states, GDS Geriatric depression scale
Partial η²: effect size (small, 0.01; medium, 0.06; large, 0.14)

ISSN: 1471-2318