Square-stepping exercise in older inpatients in early geriatric rehabilitation. A randomized controlled pilot study

Table 2 Effects of the intervention on SPPB total score TUG and gait variables

Physical function variables	Baseline CG: n = 29 IG: n = 29	Post intervention CG: n = 29 IG: n = 29	Time		Time*Group allocation		Group allocation
Physical function variables	Baseline CG: n = 29 IG: n = 29	Post intervention CG: n = 29 IG: n = 29	p-value	η²	p-value	η²	p-value	η²
SPPB total (score)	CG: 7.03 ± 2.93 IG: 6.62 ± 2.24	CG: 8.90 ± 2.51 IG: 9.17 ± 2.39	< 0.001	0.520	0.229	0.026	0.909	< 0.001
TUG (sec) CG : n = 28	CG: 14.64 ± 6.65 IG: 18.07 ± 12.88	CG: 11.11 ± 3.60 IG: 12.79 ± 5.51	< 0.001	0.214	0.448	0.010	0.158	0.036
Gait speed (sec)	CG: 0.93 ± 0.26 IG: 0.87 ± 0.20	CG: 1.08 ± 0.31 IG: 1.00 ± 0.23	< 0.001	0.409	0.713	0.002	0.274	0.021
Reserve capacity (sec)	CG: 0.25 ± 0.17 IG: 0.22 ± 0.12	CG: 0.29 ± 0.20 IG: 0.27 ± 0.16	0.054	0.065	0.806	0.001	0.525	0.007
Gait speed dual-task (sec) IG : n = 27 *	CG: 0.94 ± 0.27 IG: 0.83 ± 0.23	CG: 0.96 ± 0.28 IG: 0.90 ± 0.27	0.053	0.068	0.307	0.019	0.307	0.019

Results in SPPB Chair Rise showed a significant difference between IG and Chair Rise score, χ² (3) = 8.857, p = 0.031
In SPPB Speed no significant between group allocation and Speed score was shown, χ² (5) = 6.401, p = 0.269
The SPPB balance results showed no significant difference between group allocation and balance score, χ² (5) = 6.949, p = 0.224
Abbreviations: CG control group, IG intervention group, SPPB Short Physical Performance Battery, TUG Timed “Up & Go”
^*missing value due to concern about falling

ISSN: 1471-2318