The effect of social pension on health-related quality of life of the rural older people: a panel study from China

Table 3 The balance test of the propensity score matching (based on reference year 2011)

Variable	Matching	Insured	Control	p	%Bias	%Reduction Bias
Gender	Unmatched	0.47	0.43	0.05	7.2
	Matched	0.46	0.45	0.32	3.1	56.9
Age	Unmatched	61.31	62.39	0.00	-15.2
	Matched	61.38	61.43	0.84	-0.6	96.0
Marital status	Unmatched	0.87	0.82	0.00	14.2
	Matched	0.87	0.88	0.53	-1.8	87.3
Educational attainment	Unmatched	0.37	0.40	0.05	-7.2
	Matched	0.37	0.38	0.50	-2.1	71.3
Annual household income	Unmatched	7.53	7.34	0.22	5.6
	Matched	7.53	7.51	0.85	0.7	86.8
Intergenerational support	Unmatched	2.11	2.11	0.92	-3.0
	Matched	2.00	2.00	0.88	-0.1	97.4
Number of children alive	Unmatched	0.64	0.64	0.92	0.4
	Matched	0.64	0.64	0.88	-0.5	-29.0
New rural cooperative medical system	Unmatched	0.95	0.95	0.95	-0.2
New rural cooperative medical system	Matched	0.95	0.95	0.95	-0.2	12.0
Smoking history	Unmatched	0.41	0.36	0.01	9.7
	Matched	0.41	0.38	0.14	4.6	52.3
Alcohol consumption history	Unmatched	0.31	0.31	0.92	0.4
Alcohol consumption history	Matched	0.31	0.31	0.92	0.3	12.5
Physical activity	Unmatched	0.76	0.77	0.50	-2.5
	Matched	0.76	0.77	0.85	-0.6	76.1
Region	Unmatched	0.25	0.30	0.00	-11.2
	Matched	0.25	0.26	0.62	-1.5	86.5

† p is the p-value from a t-test. ‡ % bias refer to absolute standardized difference of covariate means

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