Table 1 Variable measurements and descriptive statistics
Variable | Measurement | Mean | St.Dev. |
|---|---|---|---|
Outcome Variables: | Â | Â | Â |
 Physical Functioning | Continuous variable: the score of performing physical activities without limitations due to health | 72.02 | 11.63 |
 Role-Physical | Continuous variable: the score of work or other daily activities without interference due to physical health problems | 93.55 | 14.46 |
 Bodily Pain | Continuous variable: the score of bodily pain | 85.81 | 16.02 |
 General Health | Continuous variable: the score of personal evaluated health | 57.57 | 19.10 |
 Vitality | Continuous variable: the score of feeling pep and energy | 78.48 | 21.95 |
 Social Functioning | Continuous variable: the score of performing normal social activities without interference due to physical or emotional problems | 22.83 | 26.74 |
 Role-Emotional | Continuous variable: the score of work or other daily activities without interference due to emotional problems | 72.72 | 24.69 |
 Mental Health | Continuous variable: the score of felling peaceful, happy, and calm | 74.54 | 18.11 |
Treatment Variables: | Â | Â | Â |
 New Rural Social Pension | Dummy variable: 1, receive new rural social pension in 2018; 0, do not receive new rural social pension in 2018 | 0.84 | 0.37 |
Covariates: | Â | Â | Â |
 Gender | Dummy variable: 1, male; 0, female | 0.47 | 0.50 |
 Age | An individual’s age at survey date | 65.46 | 7.96 |
 Marital Status | Dummy variable: 1, married; 0, otherwise | 0.81 | 0.39 |
 Educational Attainment | Dummy variable: 1, do not have formal education; 0, have formal education | 0.37 | 0.50 |
 Annual Household Income | Total income of all household members at survey year (log) | 7.99 | 2.95 |
 Intergenerational Support | Financial support from children (log) | 2.94 | 3.80 |
 Number of Children Alive | Dummy variable: 1, more than two children alive; 0, less than two children alive | 0.65 | 0.48 |
 Medical Insurance | Dummy variable: 1, participate in new rural cooperative medical system; 0, do not participate in new rural cooperative medical system | 0.97 | 0.18 |
 Smoking History | Dummy variable: 1, have smoke history; 0, do not have smoke history | 0.28 | 0.45 |
 Alcohol Consumption History | Dummy variable: 1, drink alcohol; 0, do not drink alcohol | 0.32 | 0.47 |
 Physical Activity | Dummy variable: 1, do physical activities at least 10 min every day; 0, do not do physical activities at least 10 min every day | 0.68 | 0.46 |
 Region | Dummy variable: 1, eastern area; 0, middle and west area | 0.25 | 0.43 |