Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants according to the presence of sarcopenia
Variables | Non-sarcopenia (n = 3,539) | Sarcopenia (n = 221) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (n = 3,760) |  |  | 0.404 |
 Male | 1,575 (44.5) | 92 (41.6) |  |
 Female | 1,964 (55.5) | 129 (58.4) |  |
Age (n = 3,760) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 40–49 years | 815 (23.0) | 8 (3.6) |  |
 50–59 years | 1,381 (39.0) | 44 (19.9) | |
 60–69 years | 1,023 (28.9) | 93 (42.1) |  |
 ≥70 years | 320 (9.0) | 76 (34.4) |  |
Marital status (n = 3,760) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Married and living with spouse | 3,043 (86.0) | 171 (77.4) |  |
 Widowed | 287 (8.1) | 38 (17.2) |  |
 Others | 209 (5.9) | 12 (5.4) |  |
Education levels (n = 3,760) |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Illiterate | 926 (26.2) | 91 (41.2) |  |
 ≤primary school | 688 (19.4) | 46 (20.8) |  |
 Elementary school | 815 (23.0) | 45 (20.4) |  |
 Middle school | 770 (21.8) | 28 (12.7) |  |
 ≥high school | 340 (9.6) | 11 (5.0) |  |
Smoking status (n = 3,760) |  |  | 0.764 |
 Current smokers | 1,011 (28.6) | 68 (30.8) |  |
 Former smokers | 267 (7.5) | 17 (7.7) |  |
 Never smoked | 2,261 (63.9) | 136 (61.5) |  |
Alcohol drinking frequency (n = 3,760) |  |  | 0.141 |
 > 1/month | 884 (25.0) | 43 (19.5) |  |
 ≤1/month | 270 (7.6) | 21 (9.5) |  |
 Never drank | 2,385 (67.4) | 157 (71.0) |  |
Hypertension (n = 3,740) |  |  | 0.267 |
 Yes | 848 (24.1) | 46 (20.8) |  |
 No | 2,671 (75.9) | 175 (79.2) |  |
Dyslipidemia (n = 3,681) |  |  | 0.322 |
 Yes | 341 (9.8) | 17 (7.8) |  |
 No | 3,122 (90.2) | 201 (92.2) |  |
Diabetes (n = 3,728) |  |  | 0.764 |
 Yes | 192 (5.5) | 11 (5.0) |  |
 No | 3,316 (94.5) | 209 (95.0) |  |