Table 1 Participant eligibility criteria

Nurse participants

officially Registered Nurses in GCFs;

nursing experience in GCFs over 1 year;

informed consent and voluntary participation

off-site training or sick leave

Patient participants

over 60 years old;

stayed in GCFs at least three months;

informed consent from patients or their caregivers/guardians

having any life-threatening, serious medical problems;

inability to undergo oral assessment or cooperate;

in follow-up of other studies

death during the study;

discharged or transferred to another institution and unable to continue with the intervention;

patients or their legal guardians requesting to withdraw from the study and not completing the full intervention and data collection