Table 2 Patient characteristics between the SAD < 160 mm group and SAD ≥ 160 mm group

Numbers

287

153

134

Age (years), mean (SD)

76.8 (7.1)

75.4(6.6)

78.5 (7.2)

< 0.001

BMI, mean (SD)

21.6 (3.5)

20.1 (2.9)

23.2 (3.4)

< 0.001

< 18.5, n (%)

59 (20.6)

49 (30.1)

10 (7.5)

< 0.001

18.5 − 25, n (%)

188 (65.5)

98 (60.1)

90 (67.2)

25 − 30, n (%)

35 (12.2)

5 (3.3)

30 (22.4)

> 30, n (%)

5 (1.7)

1 (0.7)

4 (3.0)

Height (cm), mean (SD)

150.1 (6.3)

151.5 (5.6)

148.6 (6.8)

< 0.001

Weight (kg), mean (SD)

48.5 (8.1)

46.2 (7.2)

51.2 (8.2)

< 0.001

Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD)

80.4 (10.0)

76.1 (8.6)

85.3 (9.3)

< 0.001

Trunk fat (%), mean (SD)

30.2 (8.4)

28.5 (7.5)

32.1 (9.1)

< 0.001

Anti-osteoporotic drugs

Any, n (%)

269 (93.7)

145 (94.8)

124 (92.5)

SERM, n (%)

73 (25.4)

44 (28.8)

29 (21.6)

0.38

Bisphosphonate, n (%)

121 (42.2)

67(43.8)

54 (40.3)

Denosumab, n (%)

56 (19.5)

26(17.0)

30 (22.4)

Teriparatide, n (%)

5 (1.7)

2 (1.3)

3 (2.2)

Anti-sclerostin Antibody, n (%)

5 (1.7)

4 (2.6)

1 (0.7)

Fractur any, n (%)

170 (59.2)

77 (50.3)

93 (69.4)

Fractur spine, n (%)

164 (57.1)

73 (47.7)

91 (67.9)

0.19

Fractur hip, n (%)

9 (3.1)

6 (3.9)

3 (2.2)

SAD (mm), mean (SD)

162.4 (25.5)

143.7 (13.0)

183.8 (18.5)

P < 0.001

CCI (points), Median [IQR]

0 [0 − 2]

0 [0 − 2]

0 [0 − 2]

0.43

Frailty Index (points), mean (SD)

1.3 (1.1)

0.9 (0.8)

1.6 (1.2)

< 0.001

Bone Mineral Density (Spine; g/cm²), Median [IQR]

0.789 [0.688 − 0.895]

0.753 [0.673 − 0.840]

0.834 [0.710 − 0.953]

< 0.001

Bone Mineral Density (Hip neck; g/cm²), mean (SD)

0.528 (0.093)

0.519 (0.087)

0.539 (0.100)

0.07

Hand grip (kg), mean (SD)

18.8 (4.6)

19.5 (4.7)

18.1 (4.3)

< 0.01

2 Step, Median [IQR]

1.25 [1.09 − 1.37]

1.31 [1.16 − 1.44]

1.19 [0.95 − 1.30]

< 0.001

3 m Timed Up and Go test (s), Median [IQR]

7.2 [6.0 − 9.0]

6.4 [5.8 − 7.8]

8.3 [7.0 − 11.1]

< 0.001

Open eye unipedal standing (s), Median [IQR]

15.0 [4.8 − 15.0]

15.0 [8.5 − 15.0]

7.6 [2.4 − 15.0]

< 0.001

Rise 40 cm clear

37 (12.9)

14 (9.2)

23 (17.2)

< 0.01

Rise 30 cm clear

26 (9.1)

7 (4.6)

19 (14.2)

Rise 20 cm clear

66 (23.0)

30 (19.6)

36 (26.9)

Rise 10 cm clear

140 (48.8)

99 (64.7)

41 (30.6)

Starts up, 40 m not possible.

14 (4.9)

0 (0)

14 (10.4)

Startup unchecked

3 (1.0)

3 (2.0)

1 (0.7)

VAS (lumber), Median [IQR]

2.0 [0.0 − 3.0]

2.0 [0.0 − 3.0]

3.0 [1.0 − 4.0]

< 0.001

PT (^°), mean (SD)

21.5 (10.7)

16.5 (8.7)

27.1 (10.0)

< 0.001

SVA (mm), Median [IQR]

19.3 [-16.9 − 42.4]

29.2 [7.7 − 56.1]

64.5 [32.9 − 103.3]

< 0.001

SS (^°), mean (SD)

29.4 (10.0)

31.6 (8.7)

26.8 (10.7)

< 0.001

Has an exercise habit(%)

155 (54.0)

66 (55.9)

89 (52.7)

< 0.001

Has had a fall in the past year(%)

61(21.3)

29 (19.0)

32 (23.9)

0.27

Fall risk (points), mean (SD)

4.7 (3.4)

3.7 (3.1)

5.9 (3.4)

< 0.001