Table 1 Patient characteristics between the 65–74-year group and ≥ 75-year group

Numbers

287

118

169

Age (years), mean (SD)

76.8 (7.1)

70.1(3.1)

81.6 (4.9)

< 0.001

BMI, mean (SD)

21.6 (3.5)

21.4 (3.5)

21.6 (3.6)

0.64

< 18.5, n (%)

59 (20.6)

20 (16.9)

39 (23.1)

18.5 − 25, n (%)

188 (65.5)

85 (72.0)

103 (60.9)

25 − 30, n (%)

35 (12.2)

10 (8.5)

25 (14.8)

> 30, n (%)

5 (1.7)

3 (2.5)

2 (1.2)

Height (cm), mean (SD)

150.1 (6.3)

152.2 (6.2)

148.7 (6.0)

< 0.001

Weight (kg), mean (SD)

48.5 (8.1)

49.5 (7.6)

47.8 (8.3)

0.08

Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD)

80.4 (10.0)

79.5 (9.9)

80.9 (10.1)

0.26

Trunk fat (%), mean (SD)

30.2 (8.4)

30.8 (8.1)

29.7(8.6)

0.29

Anti-osteoporotic drugs

Any, n (%)

269 (93.7)

110 (93.2)

156 (92.3)

0.77

SERM, n (%)

73 (25.4)

42 (35.6)

31(18.3)

Bisphosphonate, n (%)

121 (42.2)

45 (38.1)

31(18.3)

Denosumab, n (%)

56 (19.5)

17 (14.4)

39 (23.1)

Teriparatide, n (%)

5 (1.7)

1 (0.8)

4 (2.4)

Anti-sclerostin Antibody, n (%)

5 (1.7)

1 (0.8)

4 (2.4)

Fractur any, n (%)

170 (59.2)

49 (41.5)

121 (71.6)

< 0.001

Fractur spine, n (%)

164 (57.1)

46 (39.0)

118 (69.8)

< 0.001

Fractur hip, n (%)

9 (3.1)

3 (2.5)

6 (3.6)

0.63

SAD (mm), mean (SD)

162.4 (25.5)

156.2 (24.1)

166.7 (25.6)

< 0.001

CCI (points), Median [IQR]

0 [0 − 2]

0 [0 − 2]

0 [0 − 2]

0.24

Bone Mineral Density (Spine; g/cm²), Median [IQR]

0.789 [0.688 − 0.895]

0.764

[0.676 − 0.875]

0.812

[0.706 − 0.944]

< 0.05

Bone Mineral Density (Hip neck; g/cm²), mean (SD)

0.528 (0.093)

0.535 (0.091)

0.524 (0.095)

0.34

Bone Mineral Density (Hip neck; T score), mean (SD)

-2.8 (3.5)

-2.6 (2.1)

-2.9 (4.3)

0.40

Hand grip (kg), mean (SD)

18.8 (4.6)

20.6 (3.6)

17.6 (4.7)

< 0.001

2 Step, Median [IQR]

1.25 [1.09 − 1.37]

1.35 [1.20 − 1.46]

1.18 [0.98 − 1.30]

< 0.001

3 m Timed Up and Go test (s), Median [IQR]

7.2 [6.0 − 9.0]

6.4 [5.5 − 7.6]

8.1 [6.6 − 10.5]

< 0.001

Open eye unipedal standing (s), Median [IQR]

15.0 [4.8 − 15.0]

15.0 [15.0 − 15.0]

7.0 [2.9 − 15.0]

< 0.001

Rise 40 cm clear

37 (12.9)

4 (3.4)

33 (19.5)

Rise 30 cm clear

26 (9.1)

7 (5.9)

19 (11.2)

Rise 20 cm clear

66 (23.0)

22 (18.6)

44 (26.0)

Rise 10 cm clear

140 (48.8)

82 (69.5)

58 (34.3)

Starts up, 40 m not possible.

14 (4.9)

2 (1.7)

12 (7.1)

Startup unchecked

4 (1.4)

1 (0.8)

3 (1.8)

VAS (lumber), Median [IQR]

2.0 [0.0 − 3.0]

2.0 [0.0 − 3.0]

2.5 [0.0 − 4.0]

< 0.01

PT (^°), mean (SD)

21.5 (10.7)

19.1(9.3)

23.2(11.3)

< 0.01

SVA (mm), Median [IQR]

19.3 [-16.9 − 42.4]

29.8 [9.3 − 57.9]

55.0 [29.0 − 93.9]

< 0.001

SS (^°), mean (SD)

29.4 (10.0)

30.7(8.6)

28.4 (10.7)

< 0.05

Has an exercise habit(%)

155 (54.0)

66 (58.9)

89 (56.3)

0.67

Has had a fall in the past year(%)

61 (21.3)

23 (19.5)

38 (22.5)

0.48

Fall risk (points), mean (SD)

4.7 (3.4)

3.6 (3.1)

5.5 (3.4)

< 0.001