Table 4 Comparison of hematological parameters before and after intervention

Red blood cell (10¹²/L)

 Control group

4.11 ± 0.38

4.14 ± 0.31

0.581

 Exercise group

4.05 ± 0.16

4.29 ± 0.12

0.254

 Nutrition group

4.42 ± 0.42

4.45 ± 0.38

0.756

 Combined group

4.45 ± 0.33

4.60 ± 0.45

0.464

Hemoglobin (g/L)

 Control group

128.27 ± 9.15

130.13 ± 8.31

0.257

 Exercise group

125.33 ± 6.66

132.33 ± 6.17

0.149

 Nutrition group

137.50 ± 12.83

140.20 ± 11.61

0.167

 Combined group

129.60 ± 10.78

134.40 ± 9.63

0.244

Albumin(g/L)

 Control group

45.22 ± 1.27

44.57 ± 1.48

0.243

 Exercise group

44.00 ± 5.77

44.17 ± 1.29

0.961

 Nutrition group

43.00 ± 2.85

45.15 ± 1.85

0.022

 Combined group

43.21 ± 2.59

45.93 ± 2.28

0.039

Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)

 Control group

5.74 ± 0.65

5.78 ± 0.68

0.858

 Exercise group

5.93 ± 0.19

6.29 ± 0.39

0.174

 Nutrition group

5.18 ± 0.43

5.49 ± 0.34

0.037

 Combined group

5.77 ± 0.58

6.43 ± 1.43

0.293

Triglyceride (mmol/L)

 Control group

1.28 ± 0.63

1.43 ± 0.75

0.289

 Exercise group

1.24 ± 0.44

1.50 ± 0.29

0.132

 Nutrition group

1.12 ± 0.71

1.05 ± 0.75

0.806

 Combined group

0.97 ± 0.31

1.29 ± 0.47

0.176

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

 Control group

5.08 ± 1.15

5.26 ± 1.09

0.410

 Exercise group

4.93 ± 0.68

5.34 ± 0.45

0.331

 Nutrition group

4.97 ± 1.01

4.96 ± 0.69

0.954

 Combined group

4.46 ± 0.79

4.65 ± 0.91

0.487

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)

 Control group

1.92 ± 0.42

1.85 ± 0.43

0.358

 Exercise group

1.76 ± 0.14

1.74 ± 0.07

0.705

 Nutrition group

1.86 ± 0.66

1.83 ± 0.46

0.749

 Combined group

1.53 ± 0.41

1.48 ± 0.34

0.480

Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L)

 Control group

2.59 ± 0.97

2.75 ± 0.99

0.329

 Exercise group

2.61 ± 0.38

2.92 ± 0.38

0.384

 Nutrition group

2.60 ± 0.69

2.65 ± 0.63

0.824

 Combined group

2.48 ± 0.47

2.58 ± 0.55

0.555

Alanine aminotransferase (U/L)

 Control group

20.40 ± 9.77

19.73 ± 8.99

0.703

 Exercise group

19.67 ± 9.07

19.67 ± 4.04

1.000

 Nutrition group

23.40 ± 10.78

33.20 ± 25.09

0.199

 Combined group

23.80 ± 24.78

23.00 ± 10.58

0.914

Aspartate aminotransferase (U/L)

 Control group

25.93 ± 1.91

29.80 ± 5.83

0.008

 Exercise group

26.00 ± 9.54

26.00 ± 6.56

1.000

 Nutrition group

31.10 ± 13.49

38.50 ± 16.88

0.075

 Combined group

26.60 ± 10.85

33.40 ± 8.26

0.153

Urea (mmol/L)

 Control group

5.15 ± 1.79

5.86 ± 1.66

0.100

 Exercise group

5.91 ± 2.96

7.11 ± 1.29

0.347

 Nutrition group

5.11 ± 1.40

6.09 ± 1.36

0.002

 Combined group

5.39 ± 1.89

6.52 ± 2.46

0.474

Creatinine (umol/L)

 Control group

69.60 ± 15.31

80.54 ± 11.15

0.000

 Exercise group

70.60 ± 17.19

83.17 ± 24.63

0.261

 Nutrition group

73.57 ± 11.72

84.99 ± 8.83

0.001

 Combined group

75.73 ± 19.44

95.97 ± 27.01

0.081

Uric acid (umol/L)

 Control group

283.07 ± 63.96

279.56 ± 74.46

0.764

 Exercise group

348.33 ± 28.86

374.27 ± 61.35

0.635

 Nutrition group

307.03 ± 55.62

304.84 ± 66.09

0.828

 Combined group

310.18 ± 68.19

324.82 ± 74.43

0.589