Characteristics/Variables (Reference group) | Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3b | Model 4b | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS | P-value | Q25 | P-value | Q50 | P-value | Q75 | P-value | |
Gender (Females) | 0.793** | ≤ 0.001 | 1.228** | ≤ 0.001 | 0.838** | ≤ 0.001 | 0.585** | ≤ 0.001 |
Age | -0.097** | ≤ 0.001 | -0.122** | ≤ 0.001 | -0.101** | ≤ 0.001 | -0.078** | ≤ 0.001 |
BMI (Normal: 18.5 ≤ BMI < 24) | ||||||||
 Light (12 ≤ BMI < 18.5) | -0.434* | 0.027 | -0.765* | 0.046 | -0.566 | 0.057 | -0.367 | 0.125 |
 Heavy (24 ≤ BMI < 28) | 0.108 | 0.365 | 0.115 | 0.589 | 0.308 | 0.093 | 0.085 | 0.590 |
 Obese (28 ≤ BMI ≤ 60) | 0.244 | 0.262 | 0.322 | 0.392 | 0.608 | 0.069 | 0.360 | 0.197 |
Waist | 0.007 | 0.320 | 0.007 | 0.621 | -0.007 | 0.556 | -0.006 | 0.515 |
Subjective health (Poor) | ||||||||
 Moderate | 0.280** | 0.005 | 0.121 | 0.521 | 0.475** | 0.003 | 0.314* | 0.012 |
 Excellent | 0.318* | 0.016 | 0.134 | 0.554 | 0.493* | 0.017 | 0.163 | 0.342 |
Marital status (Not in marriage) | 0.190 | 0.127 | 0.630** | 0.005 | 0.328 | 0.079 | 0.010 | 0.950 |
Smoking (Never) | ||||||||
 Former | -0.373** | 0.005 | -0.589* | 0.014 | -0.242 | 0.256 | -0.217 | 0.252 |
 Long-term/Current | -0.475** | ≤ 0.001 | -0.633** | 0.007 | -0.614** | 0.002 | -0.313 | 0.067 |
Drinking (Never) | ||||||||
 Less than once a month | 0.013 | 0.928 | 0.420 | 0.096 | 0.076 | 0.735 | -0.298 | 0.140 |
 More than once a month | -0.003 | 0.981 | 0.026 | 0.900 | -0.050 | 0.788 | -0.035 | 0.822 |
Education (No formal education) | ||||||||
 Elementary school or below | 2.825** | ≤ 0.001 | 4.594** | ≤ 0.001 | 3.174** | ≤ 0.001 | 1.453** | ≤ 0.001 |
 Junior high school or above | 4.110** | ≤ 0.001 | 5.514** | ≤ 0.001 | 4.798** | ≤ 0.001 | 3.264** | ≤ 0.001 |
Social interaction (Inactive) | 0.649** | ≤ 0.001 | 0.770** | ≤ 0.001 | 0.787** | ≤ 0.001 | 0.591** | ≤ 0.001 |
Physical activity (Inactive) | ||||||||
 Low to moderately active | 0.879** | ≤ 0.001 | 1.445** | ≤ 0.001 | 1.044** | ≤ 0.001 | 0.578** | ≤ 0.001 |
 Highly active | 0.817** | ≤ 0.001 | 1.435** | ≤ 0.001 | 1.070** | ≤ 0.001 | 0.431* | 0.036 |
Family size (Small: 1 to 2) | ||||||||
 Medium (3 to 4) | -0.076 | 0.460 | 0.093 | 0.613 | -0.221 | 0.137 | -0.070 | 0.599 |
 Large (5 or more) | -0.097 | 0.418 | -0.064 | 0.765 | -0.097 | 0.602 | -0.164 | 0.295 |
Family socioeconomic status (Low) | ||||||||
 Relatively low | 0.028 | 0.829 | 0.295 | 0.219 | 0.109 | 0.595 | -0.049 | 0.773 |
 Relatively high | -0.242 | 0.088 | -0.312 | 0.267 | -0.287 | 0.213 | -0.171 | 0.358 |
 High | -0.165 | 0.175 | -0.157 | 0.484 | -0.104 | 0.598 | -0.214 | 0.173 |
Hukou (Agricultural hukou) | 0.540** | ≤ 0.001 | -0.082 | 0.746 | 0.783** | 0.008 | 0.991** | ≤ 0.001 |
Constants | 12.122** | ≤ 0.001 | 9.681** | ≤ 0.001 | 13.244** | ≤ 0.001 | 16.284** | ≤ 0.001 |
Work status FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
Community FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
Interviewed FE | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||
Adjusted R-squared | 0.396 | 0.261 | 0.279 | 0.234 | ||||
RMSE | 2.673 | 4.855 | 4.113 | 3.522 | ||||
Average RIF | — | 8.345 | 10.973 | 13.258 | ||||
Observations | 4821 | 4821 | 4821 | 4821 |