Table 4 Estimates from linear mixed-effects models for LS7 individual metrics for old−old individuals
Cognitive test | Worse | Improved | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Beta | P value | 95% CI | Beta | P value | 95% CI | |
Smoking | ||||||
episodic memory | −0.10 | 0.142 | −0.24, 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.676 | −0.05, 0.07 |
semantic memory | 0.07 | 0.557 | −0.17, 0.32 | −0.02 | 0.723 | −0.10, 0.07 |
verbal fluency | −0.16 | 0.016 | −0.29, −0.03 | 0.00 | 0.882 | −0.07, 0.06 |
perceptual speed | −0.19 | 0.014 | −0.34, −0.04 | 0.00 | 0.947 | −0.07, 0.08 |
global cognition | −0.14* | 0.010 | −0.24, −0.03 | 0.00 | 0.892 | −0.05, 0.05 |
Diet | ||||||
episodic memory | −0.01 | 0.579 | −0.04, 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.644 | −0.03, 0.02 |
semantic memory | −0.02 | 0.481 | −0.07, 0.03 | 0.04 | 0.078 | 0.00, 0.08 |
verbal fluency | −0.01 | 0.455 | −0.05, 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.722 | −0.03, 0.02 |
perceptual speed | 0.01 | 0.764 | −0.04, 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.711 | −0.03, 0.04 |
global cognition | 0.00 | 0.813 | −0.03, 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.408 | −0.01, 0.03 |
Physical activity | ||||||
episodic memory | −0.02 | 0.131 | −0.05, 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.303 | −0.02, 0.05 |
semantic memory | −0.04 | 0.044 | −0.08, 0.00 | −0.03 | 0.183 | −0.08, 0.02 |
verbal fluency | −0.02 | 0.174 | −0.05, 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.417 | −0.05, 0.02 |
perceptual speed | −0.05* | 0.005 | −0.08, −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.234 | −0.07, 0.02 |
global cognition | −0.03* | 0.001 | −0.06, −0.01 | −0.01 | 0.310 | −0.04, 0.01 |
Body mass index | ||||||
episodic memory | −0.03 | 0.180 | −0.06, 0.01 | −0.03 | 0.067 | −0.06, 0.00 |
semantic memory | 0.02 | 0.423 | −0.03, 0.08 | 0.01 | 0.643 | −0.04, 0.06 |
verbal fluency | 0.01 | 0.791 | −0.03, 0.05 | −0.02 | 0.297 | −0.05, 0.01 |
perceptual speed | −0.02 | 0.516 | −0.06, 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.250 | −0.02, 0.06 |
global cognition | 0.00 | 0.821 | −0.04, 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.788 | −0.03, 0.02 |
Blood glucose | ||||||
episodic memory | 0.00 | 0.705 | −0.02, 0.03 | −0.01 | 0.664 | −0.05, 0.03 |
semantic memory | −0.02 | 0.410 | −0.05, 0.02 | −0.01 | 0.852 | −0.06, 0.05 |
verbal fluency | 0.02 | 0.104 | 0.00, 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.336 | −0.02, 0.06 |
perceptual speed | 0.00 | 0.985 | −0.03, 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.606 | −0.04, 0.06 |
global cognition | 0.01 | 0.514 | −0.01, 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.737 | −0.03, 0.04 |
Total cholesterol | ||||||
episodic memory | 0.00 | 0.955 | −0.04, 0.04 | −0.02 | 0.195 | −0.04, 0.01 |
semantic memory | −0.01 | 0.766 | −0.06, 0.05 | −0.01 | 0.445 | −0.05, 0.02 |
verbal fluency | −0.02 | 0.292 | −0.06, 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.488 | −0.02, 0.03 |
perceptual speed | −0.04 | 0.096 | −0.09, 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.481 | −0.02, 0.04 |
global cognition | −0.01 | 0.517 | −0.04, 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.846 | −0.02, 0.02 |
Blood pressure | ||||||
episodic memory | −0.05* | 0.002 | −0.08, −0.02 | −0.01 | 0.524 | −0.03, 0.02 |
semantic memory | −0.03 | 0.152 | −0.08, 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.462 | −0.02, 0.05 |
verbal fluency | −0.03 | 0.036 | −0.07, 0.00 | −0.01 | 0.455 | −0.04, 0.02 |
perceptual speed | −0.04 | 0.032 | −0.08, 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.987 | −0.03, 0.03 |
global cognition | −0.04* | 0.005 | −0.06, −0.01 | 0.00 | 0.872 | −0.02, 0.02 |