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Table 3 Estimates from linear mixed-effects models by LS7 group for the total sample, young-old, and old-old

From: Change in cardiovascular health and rate of cognitive decline in older adults: a 15-year population-based study

Cognitive test

Worse

Improved

Beta

P value

95% CI

Beta

P value

95% CI

Total Sample

episodic memory

−0.02*

0.005

−0.04, −0.01

−0.02*

0.004

−0.03, −0.01

semantic memory

−0.01

0.275

−0.02, 0.01

−0.01

0.333

−0.02, 0.01

verbal fluency

−0.01

0.014

−0.02, 0.00

−0.01

0.055

−0.02, 0.00

perceptual speed

0.00

0.964

−0.01, 0.01

0.00

0.535

−0.01, 0.01

global cognition

−0.01*

0.024

−0.02, 0.00

−0.01*

0.016

−0.02, 0.00

Young-old

episodic memory

−0.02

0.088

−0.03, 0.00

−0.02

0.024

−0.03, 0.00

semantic memory

0.00

0.996

−0.01, 0.01

−0.01

0.332

−0.02, 0.01

verbal fluency

−0.01

0.153

−0.02, 0.00

−0.01

0.083

−0.02, 0.00

perceptual speed

0.01

0.052

0.00, 0.03

0.00

0.682

−0.01, 0.01

global cognition

0.00

0.590

−0.01, 0.01

−0.01*

0.025

−0.02, 0.00

Old-old

episodic memory

−0.05*

0.002

−0.09, −0.02

−0.02

0.258

−0.04, 0.01

semantic memory

−0.05

0.046

−0.10, 0.00

0.00

0.967

−0.04, 0.04

verbal fluency

−0.05*

0.005

−0.08, −0.01

−0.01

0.419

−0.04, 0.02

perceptual speed

−0.09*

0.000

−0.13, −0.05

−0.01

0.688

−0.04, 0.02

global cognition

−0.06*

0.000

−0.08, −0.03

−0.01

0.423

−0.03, 0.01

  1. Shown beta coefficients, confidence intervals, and p−values represent differences in rate of change compared to the stable LS7 group. Significant results are marked with an asterisk (*). A significance level of 0.0125 was applied for the specific domains of episodic memory, semantic memory, verbal fluency, and perceptual speed, while a value of 0.05 was used for global cognition. Analyses were controlled for age at baseline, sex, years of education, and baseline LS7