Table 8 Discriminant validity analysis in HBAT of 21 items (N = 325)

Q1

1.65 ± 1.02

3.77 ± 0.85

-15.215

< 0.001

Q2

1.50 ± 0.72

3.25 ± 0.91

-14.398

< 0.001

Q3

1.58 ± 0.85

3.67 ± 0.88

-16.174

< 0.001

Q4

1.57 ± 0.91

3.88 ± 0.93

-16.901

< 0.001

Q5

3.61 ± 0.85

4.86 ± 0.34

-8.475

< 0.001

Q6

4.55 ± 0.79

3.10 ± 0.76

-3.360

0.001

Q7

4.48 ± 0.67

4.87 ± 0.42

-4.603

< 0.001

Q8

3.56 ± 0.87

4.10 ± 0.82

-4.313

< 0.001

Q9

2.41 ± 0.98

3.10 ± 0.69

-5.333

< 0.001

Q10

2.04 ± 0.70

2.81 ± 0.67

-7.653

< 0.001

Q11

2.03 ± 0.72

2.82 ± 0.66

-7.759

< 0.001

Q12

2.13 ± 0.67

2.79 ± 0.68

-6.650

< 0.001

Q14

4.56 ± 0.63

4.96 ± 0.22

-5.639

< 0.001

Q15

4.62 ± 0.51

4.98 ± 0.10

-6.699

< 0.001

Q16

4.58 ± 0.57

4.95 ± 0.25

-5.565

< 0.001

Q17

2.13 ± 1.01

2.96 ± 0.75

-6.294

< 0.001

Q18

1.87 ± 0.71

2.86 ± 0.63

-9.861

< 0.001

Q19

1.91 ± 0.77

2.97 ± 0.69

-9.547

< 0.001

Q20

1.82 ± 0.71

2.84 ± 0.57

-10.651

< 0.001

Q21

4.04 ± 1.03

4.79 ± 0.47

-6.282

< 0.001

Q22

4.28 ± 0.62

4.79 ± 0.47

-6.206

< 0.001