Table 1 Table of measures
Instrument | Description |
|---|---|
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics | |
Demographics | Collects information regarding caregiver age, length of time as a caregiver, relationship to care recipient, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, and contact information of the primary care provider. |
Positive and Negative Emotions and Events | |
PROMIS Short Form v1.0 Positive Affect 15a [55] | Assess momentary positive or rewarding affective experiences, such as feelings and mood associated with pleasure, joy, elation, contentment, pride, affection, happiness, engagement, and excitement, over the past 7 days, using a scale of not at all to very much. |
Modified Differential Emotions Scale: “Daily Emotion Check-in” (DES) [56] | Used to assess positive and negative emotion experienced within the last 24 h, modified to include additional positive affect and positive affectivity items, scored to create total positive and total negative affect scores. |
Daily Inventory of Stressful Events (DISE) and Positive Events [57] | An end-of-day measure consisting of a brief set of stem and conditional questions in which participants report whether any of a series of stressful or positive events have occurred within the past 24 h. |
Psychological Well-Being | |
Assesses depressive mood by having participants rate items focused on depressive symptoms over the past 7 days, using scale from Never to Always. | |
Assesses various anxiety dimensions including fear, dread, hyperarousal, and somatic symptoms by having participants rate anxiety symptoms over the past 7 days using scale from Never to Always. | |
Self-reported measure of EC, identification, understanding, expression, regulation, and use of one’s own emotions and those of others. | |
Emotional Complexity Scale (ECS) [63] | Four item survey measuring the breadth of people’s emotions and their ability to differentiate between them. |
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-4) [64] | Used to measure how overloaded, unpredictable, and uncontrollable respondents perceive their lives to be. Scores range from 0 to 40, and higher scores indicate a higher stress level. |
A short 5-item instrument designed to measure global cognitive judgments of satisfaction with one’s life. | |
Assesses the degree to which one feels life has purpose and there are good reasons for living, including hopefulness, optimism, goal-directedness, and feelings that one’s life is worthy. | |
Measures self-reported perceptions of sleep quality, depth, and restoration within the past 7 days, including difficulty falling asleep and staying asleep and sleep satisfaction. | |
Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)– Short Form [72] | Twelve-item measure used to assess a global self-compassion score. |
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-15) [73] | Self-report scale to measure mindfulness with regards to thoughts, experiences, and actions in daily life. |
Caregiving Resources | |
Caregiving Status | Question that asks if participant is still current caregiver. Status may have changed if care recipient has moved into a care facility, the care recipient has passed away, or someone else has taken over as primary caregiver. |
Assesses perceived burden in caregivers by assessing subjective feelings of the impact of caregiving on emotional and physical health, financial strain, and social functioning. Higher scores reflect greater burden. | |
Oberst Caregiving Burden (OCBS-15) [76] | Measures life changes as a consequence of caregiving with 15-items scored on a 7-point scale with responses ranging from “changed for the worse” to “changed for the best”. |
Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) [77] | Eleven item scale that identifies positive consequences of caregiving such as feeling more useful, feeling appreciated, and strengthening relationships with others. Higher scores indicate greater identification of the positives of being a caregiver. |
Caregiving Mastery Subscale (CM)– Short Form [78] | Six-item measure used to assess a caregiver’s feelings about their own caregiving abilities. |
Satisfaction with one’s own performance as a caregiver (SCQ) [79] | Twenty-seven item scale based on a family-crisis model that measures caregivers’ feelings of being capable of caring for an individual with dementia. |
Dementia Severity Rating Scale (DSRS) [80] | Characterizes the level of functional abilities of the PWD being cared for by the study subject. The DSRS collects information from the caregiver on impairment severity of the PWD in 12 functional and cognitive ability domains. The full range of dementia severity is assessed, from no impairment observed to extreme impairment observed in each category. |
Quality of Life of Care Recipient (QOL-AD) [81] | Thirteen items that provide caregiver report of the quality of life of persons who have been diagnosed with AD. |
Revised Memory and Behavior Checklist (RMBC) [82] | A 24-item caregiver report measure of observable problems in the loved one with dementia. |
Moderators | |
PROMIS SF v1.1– Global Health [83] | Assesses participants’ perceptions of their health, quality of life, and abilities to carry out physical activities. The Global Health Scale contains 10 items that are rated on a scale of Excellent to Poor. |
COMBO Health Behavior Measures [84] | Measures frequency of heath behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and physical activity. |
Healthcare Utilization (HU) | Assesses degree to which individual is taking advantage of available health care resources. |
Comorbidity checklist | Assesses other health conditions that may be co-occurring along with care recipient’s Alzheimer’s disease. |
Medication Adherence, single item from Heart and Soul Study [85] | One question to assess if the individual is taking prescribed medications. |
Acceptability | |
Recommending the LEAF study | Assesses whether caregivers would recommend LEAF to another caregiver and/or friend. |
Frequency of skill practice | Measures how often caregivers have been using each LEAF skill over the past month. |
Modified Perceived Partner Responsiveness (mPPR) [86] | Three-item survey measures the degree to which people feel the study is responsive to them. |
System Usability Scale (SUS) [87] | A ten-item questionnaire for measuring usability of the intervention, with participants marking statements about usability on a scale ranging from Strongly agree to Strongly disagree. |
Device use and tech issues | Assesses which devices caregivers used most frequently for participation as well as sources and frequencies of any tech issues encountered. |
Android tablet usage | Assesses for which aspects of the study the caregiver used the provided Android tablet, as well as frequency of usage. |