Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression of multidimensional loneliness latent profiles of rural older adults

Age (Ref: 60–69 )

≥ 80

4.102

2.111–7.970

< 0.001

30.463

7.991-116.133

< 0.001

70–79

1.641

1.040–2.591

0.033

33.247

10.829-102.074

< 0.001

Gender (Ref: Male)

Female

2.104

1.378–3.211

0.001

5.320

2.524–11.213

< 0.001

Religion (Ref: No)

Yes

0.186

0.089–0.390

< 0.001

0.079

0.016–0.379

0.002

Marital status (Ref: Married)

Single/divorced/widowed

1.682

1.065–2.656

0.026

2.888

1.469–5.680

0.002

Education (Ref: Primary school and below)

Senior high school or more

1.038

0.541–1.993

0.910

0.515

0.142–1.865

0.312

Middle school

1.651

0.990–2.751

0.055

0.647

0.273–1.531

0.321

Living alone (Ref: No)

Yes

0.963

0.568–1.632

0.888

5.758

2.841–11.669

< 0.001

Number of chronic diseases (Ref: 0)

≥ 2

15.588

5.230-46.465

< 0.001

23.324

3.655-148.863

0.001

1

4.212

1.405–12.632

0.010

4.713

0.715–31.051

0.107

Use smartphone (Ref: No)

Yes

0.140

0.077–0.256

< 0.001

0.017

0.004–0.081

< 0.001