Table 3 Bivariate analysis of different latent profiles of multidimensional loneliness among rural older adults (n [%])

Age

149.466

< 0.001

60–69

249 (70.9)

98 (27.9)

4 (1.1)

70–79

104 (41.8)

75 (30.1)

70 (28.1)

≥ 80

21 (26.3)

43 (53.8)

16 (20.0)

Gender

71.833

< 0.001

Male

222 (72.1)

70 (22.7)

16 (5.2)

Female

152 (40.9)

146 (39.2)

74 (19.9)

Religion

89.170

< 0.001

Yes

112 (90.3)

10 (8.1)

2 (1.6)

No

262 (47.1)

206 (37.1)

88 (15.8)

Marital status

36.229

< 0.001

Married

296 (61.4)

142 (29.5)

44 (9.1)

Single/divorced/widowed

78 (39.4)

74 (37.4)

46 (23.2)

Education

11.707

0.020

Primary school and less

240 (54.5)

134 (30.5)

66 (15.0)

Middle school

72 (48.6)

58 (39.2)

18 (12.2)

Senior high school or more

62 (67.4)

24 (26.1)

6 (6.5)

Self-assessment of health status

3.292

0.510

Poor

142 (51.4)

93 (33.7)

41 (14.9)

General

132 (59.2)

64 (28.7)

27 (12.1)

Better

100 (55.2)

59 (32.6)

22 (12.2)

Living alone

98.306

< 0.001

Yes

58 (36.3)

44 (27.5)

58 (36.3)

No

316 (60.8)

172 (33.1)

32 (6.2 )

Economic status (yuan/month)

8.802

0.066

< 1000

218 (51.9)

135 (32.1)

67 (16.0)

1000–3000

113 (59.8)

61 (32.3)

15 (7.9)

>3000

43 (60.6)

20 (28.2 )

8 (11.3)

Number of chronic diseases

131.365

< 0.001

0

39 (92.9)

4 (4.8)

2 (2.4)

1

178 (70.1)

58 (22.8)

18 (7.1)

≥ 2

118 (34.5)

154 (45.0)

70 (20.5)

Use smartphone

30.427

< 0.001

Yes

80 (75.5)

24 (22.6)

2 (1.9)

No

294 (51.2)

192 (33.4)

88 (15.3)