Table 1 The basic characteristics of the study participants

Age (year) ¹

70.0 (8.0)

68.0 (6.0)

0.001

Total HBI score ¹

80.0 (4.0)

80.0 (4.0)

0.104

Energy (kcal/day) ²

1329.3 ± 472.9

1861.9 ± 450.4

<0.001

Fiber (gr/day) ²

26.1 ± 12.5

36.1 ± 11.2

<0.001

Water (cc/day) ¹

720.0 (700.0)

1000.0 (915.0)

<0.001

Tea (cc/day) ¹

500.0 (250.0)

1000.0 (500.0)

<0.001

Low-fat milk (cc/day) ²

54.8 ± 10.2

69.9 ± 11.3

0.324

High-fat milk (cc/day) ²

5.7 ± 4.0

1.2 ± 1.2

0.288

Fruit juice (cc/day) ²

2.2 ± 1.6

0.0 ± 0.0

0.174

Sugar-sweetened beverages (cc/day) ²

24.7 ± 9.5

5.7 ± 1.6

0.052

Weight (kg) ²

59.6 ± 9.2

78.1 ± 9.1

<0.001

Height (cm) ²

157.2 ± 9.8

163.6 ± 8.9

<0.001

BMI (kg/m²) ²

24.5 ± 4.1

29.2 ± 3.8

<0.001

Physical activity (MET-h/week) ¹

429.0 (1020.7)

462.0 (1386.0)

0.650

Sex, % ³

1.000

Male

55.0

55.0

Female

45.0

44.0

Education, % ³

0.053

Illiterate

31.3

13.8

Primary education

33.7

47.5

Secondary education

22.5

22.5

Higher education

12.5

16.3

Income in month, % ³

0.127

Less than 30 million IRR

38.8

36.3

30–60 million IRR

47.5

37.5

More than 60 million IRR

13.7

26.2

Smoking, % ³

0.718

Yes

23.7

27.5

No

76.3

72.5

Muscle strength (kg) ¹

16.0 (10.7)

50.8 (24.2)

<0.001

SMI (kg/m²) ¹

6.1 (1.4)

7.9 (0.9)

<0.001

Gait speed (m/second) ²

0.70 ± 0.10

1.00 ± 0.95

0.007