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Table 5 Linear regression for change in EQ-5D-3 L

From: Incorporating frailty to address the key challenges to geriatric economic evaluation

Dependent variable: Change in EQ-5D-3 L between ELSA Waves 4 and 5 (N = 6,205)

Explanatory variables

Coefficient (SE)

P-value

Constant

0.500 (0.025)

< 0.001

Age W4

0.002 (0.0003)

< 0.001

Female

-0.019 (0.005)

< 0.001

SES (ref: Most privileged quartile)

  

 2nd quartile

-0.019 (0.007)

0.008

 3rd quartile

-0.009 (0.006)

0.162

 Most deprived quartile

-0.023 (0.007)

0.002

Falls incidence W5 (ref: No fall incidence)

  

 Single non-MA fall

-0.013 (0.008)

0.081

 Recurrent non-MA falls

-0.040 (0.009)

< 0.001

 Single MA fall

-0.022 (0.012)

0.056

 Recurrent falls with MA

-0.0001 (0.014)

0.943

Frailty W4 (0-100)

-0.010 (0.0004)

< 0.001

Change in frailty1

-0.014 (0.0004)

< 0.001

Abnormal gait/balance W4

-0.017 (0.007)

0.016

EQ-5D W4

-0.739 (0.034)

< 0.001

EQ-5D^2 W4

0.136 (0.029)

< 0.001

  1. 1 Two-year change in frailty between ELSA W4 and W5.
  2. Abbreviation: ELSA: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing; MA fall: fall requiring medical attention; Ref: reference; SE: standard error; SES: socioeconomic status; W4: ELSA Wave 4; W5: ELSA Wave 5