Effects of high-intensity training on fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles in elderly males with osteosarcopenia – the randomized controlled FrOST study

Table 4 Right erector spinae muscle—baseline and absolute changes after 16 months

Erector spinae right		Baseline MV (SD)	Absolut change MV (SD)	*p
IF volume [cm³]	CG	7.75 (3.78)	-0.155 (0.347)	.059
	HIRT	7.89 (5.985)	-0.051 (0.342)	.508
	p**	.730	.305
IF FF [%]	CG	24.58 (39.65)	0.568 (2.759)	.364
	HIRT	20.40 (27.59)	1.45 (2.77)	.027
	p**	.137	0.063
IMAT volume [cm³]	CG	0.95 (2.61)	0.056 (0.248)	.321
	HIRT	0.79 (1.94)	0.051 (0.243)	.351
	p**	.392	.903
MT volume [cm³]	CG	5.82 (5.45)	-0.137 (0.31)	.059
	HIRT	6.23 (4.14)	-0.147 (0.315)	.049
	p**	.296	.677
MT FF [%]	CG	9.72 (11.25)	-0.109 (1.166)	.676
	HIRT	8.14 (10.13)	0.675 (1.20)	.019
	p**	.077	0.015

p** Between-group differences (CG vs HIRT), p* Within-group differences (FU vs BL), IF intra-fascial, FF fat fraction, IMAT intra-muscular adipose tissue, MT muscle tissue, CG control group, HIRT exercise group, Baseline first baseline measurements without any interventions, Δ Absolut absolute change from baseline to follow-up measurements after 16 months, MV mean value, SD mean standard deviation; significant p values are shown in bold

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