Effects of high-intensity training on fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles in elderly males with osteosarcopenia – the randomized controlled FrOST study

Table 3 Left psoas muscle—baseline and absolute changes after 16 months

Psoas left		Baseline MV (SD)	Absolut change MV (SD)	*p
IF volume [cm³]	CG	3.15 (3.555)	-0.026 (0.167)	.489
	HIRT	3.18 (2.655)	-0.017 (0.198)	.695
	p**	.905	.912
IF FF [%]	CG	13.46 (26.1)	0.762 (3.62)	.353
	HIRT	13.72 (36.1)	0.488 (3.798)	.569
	p**	.921	.820
IMAT volume [cm³]	CG	0.143 (0.765)	0.027 (0.077)	.147
	HIRT	0.183 (0.93)	-0.017 (0.086)	.394
	p**	.567	.066
MT volume [cm³]	CG	2.78 (3.0)	-0.044 (0.144)	.180
	HIRT	2.80 (2.88)	0.01 (0.167)	.776
	p**	.927	.275
MT FF [%]	CG	7.38 (8.19)	0.343 (2.79)	.585
	HIRT	6.46 (11.25)	0.997 (3.03)	.153
	p**	.285	.809

p** Between-group differences (CG vs HIRT), p* Within-group differences (FU vs BL), IF intra-fascial, FF fat fraction, IMAT intra-muscular adipose tissue, MT muscle tissue, CG control group, HIRT exercise group, Baseline first baseline measurements without any interventions, Δ Absolut absolute change from baseline to follow-up measurements after 16 months, MV mean value, SD mean standard deviation, significant p values are shown in bold

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