Effects of high-intensity training on fatty infiltration in paraspinal muscles in elderly males with osteosarcopenia – the randomized controlled FrOST study

Table 2 Right psoas muscle—baseline and absolute changes after 16 months

Psoas right		Baseline MV (SD)	Absolut change MV (SD)	p*
IF volume [cm³]	CG	3.05 (3.69)	-0.013 (0.14)	.678
	HIRT	3.17 (2.65)	-0.047 (0.17)	.216
	p**	.637	.560
IF FF [%]	CG	12.5 (19.35)	0.272 (3.63)	.739
	HIRT	11.3 (21.6)	0.981 (3.97)	.279
	p**	.482	.674
IMAT volume [cm³]	CG	0.124 (0.52)	0.014 (0.07)	.448
	HIRT	0.130 (0.52)	-0.006 (0.08)	.744
	p**	.881	.45
MT volume [cm³]	CG	2.71 (2.93)	-0.007 (0.14)	.819
	HIRT	2.88 (2.52)	-0.053 (0.18)	.188
	p**	.446	.456
MT FF [%]	CG	6.85 (8.28)	0.246 (2.16)	.613
	HIRT	6.05 (10.53)	0.677 (2.34)	.209
	p**	.333	.890

p** Between-group differences (CG vs HIRT), p* Within-group differences (FU vs BL), IF intra-fascial, FF fat fraction, IMAT intra-muscular adipose tissue, MT muscle tissue, CG control group, HIRT exercise group, Baseline first baseline measurements without any interventions, Δ Absolut absolute change from baseline to follow-up measurements after 16 months, MV mean value, SD mean standard deviation, significant p values are shown in bold

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