Table 2 The results of the mediating analysis

Total effect

Path c, X predicting Y

-0.35

0.07

-4.67

< 0.001

[-0.49, -0.20]

Direct effect

Path a, X predicting M

-0.70

0.12

-5.68

< 0.001

[-0.94, -0.46]

Path b, M predicting Y

0.14

0.01

11.26

< 0.001

[0.12, 0.16]

Path c’, X predicting Y

-0.25

0.07

-3.42

< 0.001

[-0.39, -0.11]

Indirect effect of X on Y through M

Unstandardized

-0.10

0.02

[-0.14, -0.06]