Table 1 Characteristics of the participants and correlation coefficient among the variables (N = 2247)
Variables | M ± SD/n (%) | SP(T1) | DS(T1) | AI (T1) | DS (T2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | 66.98 ± 5.53 |  |  |  |  |
Sex | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Male | 958 (42.6) |  |  |  |  |
 Female | 1289 (57.4) |  |  |  |  |
BMI | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 <18.5 | 121 (6.2) |  |  |  |  |
 18.5 ~ 24.9 | 1184 (60.5) |  |  |  |  |
 ≥25 | 653 (33.4) |  |  |  |  |
Education level | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Primary school or below | 974 (76.5) |  |  |  |  |
 Junior high school | 220 (17.3) |  |  |  |  |
 High school or above | 80 (6.3) |  |  |  |  |
Residence | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Urban | 536 (23.9) |  |  |  |  |
 Rural | 1711 (76.1) |  |  |  |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Married | 1830 (81.4) |  |  |  |  |
 Unmarried/widowed/divorced | 417 (18.6) |  |  |  |  |
Self-rated Health | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Good | 274 (12.2) |  |  |  |  |
 Fair | 1157 (51.5) |  |  |  |  |
 Poor | 814 (36.2) |  |  |  |  |
Social Participation (T1) | 0.81 (1.00) | - | Â | Â | Â |
Depressive Symptoms (T1) | 10.08 (6.85) | -0.110*** | - | Â | Â |
Activity Impairment (T1) | 10.38 (6.96) | -0.089*** | 0.352*** | - | Â |
Depressive Symptoms (T2) | 2.56 (4.04) | -0.147*** | 0.523*** | 0.312*** | - |
Activity Impairment (T2) | 2.66 (4.26) | -0.128*** | 0.310*** | 0.480*** | 0.378*** |