Effects of dexmedetomidine combined with etomidate on postoperative cognitive function in older patients undergoing total intravenous anaesthesia: a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial

Table 4 The MMSE scores at different time points in four groups

Time points	EN₁ group n=34	ED₁ group n=31	EN₂ group n=32	ED₂ group n=35	F values	P values
t₀	25.8±1.5	25.7±1.4	25.7±1.7	25.6±1.3	0.054	0.984
t₁	20.5±2.1^*	19.9±2.6^*	19.7±2.0^*	20.1±2.4^*	0.595	0.619
t₂	22.1±2.0^*&	24.6±1.8^*#$	21.3±2.2^*&	23.7±2.1^*#$	16.559	0.000
t₃	24.7±1.9^*$&	25.7±1.7^#$	23.8±1.7^*#&	24.7±1.7^*$&	6.548	0.000
t₄	25.2±1.6	25.6±2.0	25.4±1.9	25.6±2.1	0.346	0.792
t₅	25.6±1.5	25.4±1.3	25.5±1.5	25.4±1.3	0.078	0.971
F values	50.719	47.233	56.648	45.495	—	—
P values	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	—	—

MMSE Mini-mental State Examination, EN₁ Etomidate-remifentanil with duration of surgery less than 60min, ED₁ Etomidate-remifentanil and dexmedetomidine with duration of surgery less than 60min, EN₂ Etomidate-remifentanil with duration of surgery more than 60min, ED₂ Etomidate-remifentanil and dexmedetomidine with duration of surgery more than 60min. t₀ 30 minutes before anesthesia, t₁ 3h after surgery, t₂ 8h after surgery, t₃ 24h after surgery, t₄ 48h hours after surgery and t₅ 72h after surgery. *p < 0.05 vs.t₀, ^#p < 0.05 vs.EN1, ^$p < 0.05 vs.EN₂ and ^&p < 0.05 vs.ED₁

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