Identifying sensors-based parameters associated with fall risk in community-dwelling older adults: an investigation and interpretation of discriminatory parameters

Table 3 Significant parameters (p < 0.05)

Parameter	Subtask	Axis	Low-fall-risk individuals	High-fall-risk individuals	p-Values	Effect size
CV [deg/s]	Turn	Pitch	2.19 ± 8.77	-3.75 ± 6.31	< 0.001	0.745
Usage of walking assistance [Yes/NO]	–	–	4/22	10/15	0.001	1.236
Max [deg/s]	Turn-to-sit	Yaw	161.28 ± 44.40	122.25 ± 33.24	0.003	0.957
CV [deg/s]	Turn-to-sit	Yaw	1.31 ± 0.31	1.09 ± 0.15	0.005	0.814
Step length [m]	Walk	–	0.37 ± 0.07	0.31 ± 0.06	0.007	0.909
Step width [m]	Walk	–	0.13 ± 0.03	0.16 ± 0.03	0.008	0.859
Median [deg/s]	Turn	Pitch	2.10 ± 6.45	-2.80 ± 5.86	0.021	0.786
Right knee angle [deg]	Walk	–	158.95 ± 5.48	162.18 ± 3.19	0.022	0.673
RMS [deg/s]	Walk	Pitch	8.16 ± 2.41	6.64 ± 1.77	0.026	0.692
Max [m/s²]	Turn-to-sit	V	1.14 ± 0.05	1.19 ± 0.07	0.026	0.859
Mean jerk [m/s²]	Turn-to-sit	AP	0.10 ± 0.03	0.08 ± 0.02	0.029	0.641
POD [%]	Walk	–	39.27 ± 6.53	43.43 ± 6.74	0.031	0.624
Right knee angle [deg]	Turn	–	157.71 ± 10.60	164.44 ± 9.05	0.034	0.666
Age [years]	–	–	77.38 ± 5.34	82.00 ± 7.36	0.041	0.752
Mean jerk [m/s²]	Sit-to-stand	ML	0.04 ± 0.02	0.05 ± 0.02	0.050*	0.456
RMS [deg/s]	Turn-to-sit	Yaw	71.24 ± 24.6	57.22 ± 17.33	0.050*	0.630
Max [deg/s]	Turn-to-sit	Roll	18.72 ± 11.3	26.67 ± 11.55	0.050*	0.698

Note: The results of ranking for 17 significant parameters’ p-values from smallest to largest for the t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. The values on each parameter were reported as mean ± standard deviation. The asterisk (*) denotes that the displayed value is 0.050, constrained by significant figures. When retaining six significant figures, all three p-values are 0.049724. The effect size is represented by Cohen’s d value

ISSN: 1471-2318