Examining cultural adaptations of the savvy caregiver program for Korean American caregivers using the framework for reporting adaptations and modifications-enhanced (FRAME)

Jang, Yuri; Hepburn, Kenneth; Haley, William E.; Park, Juyoung; Park, Nan Sook; Ko, Linda K.; Kim, Miyong T.

doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04715-w

Table 2 Adaptations for K-Savvy using FRAME

From: Examining cultural adaptations of the savvy caregiver program for Korean American caregivers using the framework for reporting adaptations and modifications-enhanced (FRAME)

	Adaptations Made	What	Who	When	Planned	Fidelity-consistent	Temporary drift	At what level of delivery	Why
1	Translating SCP manuals into Korean	Content	RT	Pre	Proactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit
2	Training Korean-speaking trainers	Context	RT, ID	Pre	Proactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit
3	Keeping the English word “Savvy” without translation	Content	P, T, RT, ID	Pre/Pilot	Proactive/ Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit
4	Including a brief discussion of the program’s name during the first session	Content	T, RT, ID	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit/ Engagement
5	Branding the program as “K-Savvy”	Context	RT, AP, ID	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit/ Engagement
6	Keeping the 6-week frequency	Context	P, T, RT	Pre/Pilot	Proactive/ Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement
7	Increasing the session length to 90 min	Context	P, T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement/ Outcome
8	Limiting the number of participants to six or seven	Context	P, T, RT	Pre/Pilot	Proactive/ Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement/ Outcome
9	Considering participants’ characteristics in class assignment	Context	T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement/ Outcome
10	Preparing trainers to better attend to diversity among class participants	Training	RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Engagement/ Outcome
11	Allowing participants to attend an alternative class in case of schedule conflict	Context	P, T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	Yes	Specific target subgroup	Engagement
12	Providing weekly-handouts to outline the content in the manual	Context	P, T, RT, ID	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement
13	Using an introductory video clip with Dr. Hepburn’s endorsement of Savvy trainers	Context	RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement
14	Enhancing the pre-session prep/post-session debriefing sessions for trainers	Training	T, RT	Pre/Pilot	Proactive/ Reactive	Yes	Yes	Entire trainers	Outcome
15	Offering a booster training session for trainers with additional training needs	Training	T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	Yes	Specific trainer subgroup	Outcome
16	Improving in-session time allocation for discussion	Training	P, T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Engagement
17	Offering a Savvy Caregiver Certificate for those who complete the program	Context	RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement
18	Utilizing the pre-meeting with participants to help them become technically prepared	Context	P, T, RT	Pre/Pilot	Proactive/ Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Outcome
19	Enhancing technical training for trainers	Training	T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Outcome
20	Augmenting course contents to reframe the seemingly individualistic SCP values in the context of collectivistic cultures	Content	RT, AP, ID	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit/ Engagement/ Outcome
21	Addressing participants’ unique situations and foster everyone’s sense of belonging	Training	RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Fit/ Engagement
22	Enhancing coverage on caregiving resource maps in Session 5 and caregiving arrangement types in Session 6	Content	RT, ID	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit
23	Including how to handle sensitive topics in trainer training	Training	T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Engagement
24	Developing a list of potential questions and responses for trainers	Training	RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Engagement
25	Training trainers on how to facilitate discussions, make all participants engaged	Training	T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Engagement
26	Including a brief talk on group discussion encouraging all participants’ active engagement in the first session	Content	T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Engagement
27	Setting rules and expectation for class participation addressing traditional culture influenced communication style	Context	T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit/ Engagement
28	Including coaching strategies for positive reinforcement in trainer training	Training	RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire trainers	Outcome
29	Including Korean subtitles in the video clips	Content	P, T, RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit
30	Replacing some photos in the manual with those featuring Korean/Asian individuals	Content	P, T, RT, AP	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit
31	Using culturally relevant examples	Content	P, T, RT	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit
32	Incorporating culturally specific discussions in each session	Content	RT, AP, ID	Pilot	Reactive	Yes	No	Entire target group	Fit/ Engagement

Note. P = participant, T = trainer, RT = research team, AP = advisory panel, ID = intervention developer

Back to article page

ISSN: 1471-2318

Contact us

Submission enquiries: bmcgeriatrics@biomedcentral.com
General enquiries: ORSupport@springernature.com

BMC Geriatrics

Contact us