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Table 3 Combined associations of 25(OH)D deficiency and high hs-CRP with mortality risk

From: Combined effects of vitamin D deficiency and systemic inflammation on all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in older adults

Groups

Participants

All-cause mortality

CVD mortality

Non-CVD mortality

Deaths

Adj-HRs (95%CI)

P value

Deaths

Adj-HRs (95%CI)

P value

Deaths

Adj-HRs (95%CI)

P value

Over all (n = 3072)

Vitamin D sufficiency + normal hs-CRP

672

185

Ref.

—

60

Ref.

—

125

Ref.

—

Vitamin D deficiency alone

1756

799

1.45 (1.16 ~ 1.62)

< 0.001

255

1.76 (1.35 ~ 2.38)

0.001

544

1.47 (1.28 ~ 1.68)

< 0.001

High hs-CRP alone

142

65

1.51 (1.14 ~ 2.03)

< 0.001

26

1.90 (1.19 ~ 2.77)

0.004

39

1.50 (1.04 ~ 2.17)

0.031

Vitamin D deficiency + high hs-CRP

502

272

2.18 (1.73 ~ 2.56)

< 0.001

107

2.30 (1.64 ~ 3.21)

< 0.001

165

2.19 (1.79 ~ 2.49)

< 0.001

RERI (95%CI)

  

0.22 (0.04 ~ 0.41)

  

−0.36 (−1.26 ~ 0.52)

  

0.21 (0.06 ~ 0.37)

 

Men (n = 1397)

Vitamin D sufficiency + normal hs-CRP

435

104

Ref.

—

32

Ref.

—

72

Ref.

—

Vitamin D deficiency alone

651

232

1.43 (1.06 ~ 1.70)

0.001

77

1.75 (1.15 ~ 2.71)

0.004

155

1.41 (1.06 ~ 1.79)

0.023

High hs-CRP alone

89

43

1.62 (1.11 ~ 2.29)

0.003

17

2.65 (1.38 ~ 4.27)

0.002

26

1.29 (0.82 ~ 1.96)

0.412

Vitamin D deficiency + high hs-CRP

222

119

2.25 (1.72 ~ 2.99)

< 0.001

45

2.91 (1.79 ~ 4.49)

< 0.001

74

2.51 (1.64 ~ 3.39)

< 0.001

RERI (95%CI)

  

0.19 (0.03 ~ 0.35)

  

−0.51 (−1.52 ~ 0.50)

  

0.80 (0.18 ~ 1.42)

 

Women (n = 1675)

Vitamin D sufficiency + normal hs-CRP

237

81

Ref.

—

28

Ref.

—

53

Ref.

—

Vitamin D deficiency alone

1105

567

1.56 (1.23 ~ 1.97)

< 0.001

178

1.48 (0.97 ~ 2.21)

0.086

389

1.68 (1.17 ~ 2.41)

0.003

High hs-CRP alone

53

22

1.23 (0.81 ~ 1.95)

0.465

9

1.17 (0.66 ~ 2.53)

0.732

13

1.34 (0.84 ~ 2.21)

0.494

Vitamin D deficiency + high hs-CRP

280

153

1.87 (1.35 ~ 2.16)

0.005

62

1.84 (1.15 ~ 2.90)

0.021

91

1.99 (1.48 ~ 2.57)

0.008

RERI (95%CI)

  

0.07 (−0.23 ~ 0.38)

  

0.18 (−0.06 ~ 0.43)

  

−0.02 (−0.12 ~ 0.07)

 
  1. Adjusting for age, sex, province of sampling, the month of sampling, ethnicity, residence, living status, education, marital status, outdoor activities, vitamin supplements, smoking, drinking, BMI, ADL impairment, cognitive function, depression, albumin, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, medical care treatment, hypertension, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. 25(OH)D, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; RERI, relative excess risk due to interaction