Skip to main content

Table 2 Independent associations of 25(OH)D and hs-CRP with mortality risk

From: Combined effects of vitamin D deficiency and systemic inflammation on all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in older adults

Groups

Deaths, n%

HR (95% CI)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 3 + hs-CRP

Model 3 + 25(OH)D

Serum 25(OH)D

All-cause mortality

≧ 50.90 nmol/L

236 (30.65)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

≧ 36.94 and < 50.90 nmol/L

284 (37.08)

1.27 (1.07 ~ 1.51)

1.30 (1.09 ~ 1.55)

1.20 (1.01 ~ 1.44)

1.20 (1.01 ~ 1.43)

 

≧ 26.89 and < 36.94 nmol/L

369 (47.98)

1.59 (1.34 ~ 1.87)

1.59 (1.34 ~ 1.88)

1.36 (1.13 ~ 1.61)

1.34 (1.13 ~ 1.60)

 

< 26.89 nmol/L

432 (56.32)

2.08 (1.77 ~ 2.45)

1.96 (1.65 ~ 2.32)

1.56 (1.31 ~ 1.86)

1.55 (1.30 ~ 1.85)

 

P-trend

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

CVD mortality

≧ 50.90 nmol/L

82 (10.65)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

≧ 36.94 and < 50.90 nmol/L

100 (13.05)

1.32 (0.99 ~ 1.78)

1.31 (0.97 ~ 1.76)

1.25 (0.92 ~ 1.68)

1.24 (0.91 ~ 1.67)

 

≧ 26.89 and < 36.94 nmol/L

130 (16.91)

1.67 (1.29 ~ 2.22)

1.64 (1.23 ~ 2.19)

1.38 (1.04 ~ 1.85)

1.37 (1.03 ~ 1.84)

 

< 26.89 nmol/L

136 (17.73)

2.08 (1.56 ~ 2.75)

1.87 (1.39 ~ 2.53)

1.42 (1.06 ~ 1.93)

1.41 (1.05 ~ 1.93)

 

P-trend

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.019

0.022

 

Non-CVD mortality

≧ 50.90 nmol/L

154 (20.00)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

≧ 36.94 and < 50.90 nmol/L

184 (24.02)

1.28 (1.03 ~ 1.58)

1.33 (1.07 ~ 1.64)

1.21 (0.96 ~ 1.50)

1.20 (0.96 ~ 1.50)

 

≧ 26.89 and < 36.94 nmol/L

239 (31.08)

1.63 (1.33 ~ 2.01)

1.65 (1.34 ~ 2.03)

1.44 (1.17 ~ 1.78)

1.43 (1.16 ~ 1.78)

 

< 26.89 nmol/L

296 (38.59)

2.27 (1.86 ~ 2.88)

2.21 (1.80 ~ 2.62)

1.82 (1.47 ~ 2.24)

1.80 (1.46 ~ 2.23)

 

P-trend

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Serum hs-CRP

All-cause mortality

< 0.41 mg/L

293 (38.86)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

Ref.

≧ 0.41 and < 0.97 mg/L

319 (40.95)

1.03 (0.88 ~ 1.21)

1.04 (0.88 ~ 1.22)

1.00 (0.84 ~ 1.17)

 

1.00 (0.84 ~ 1.17)

≧ 0.97 and < 2.39 mg/L

315 (40.86)

1.09 (0.93 ~ 1.27)

1.08 (0.91 ~ 1.28)

1.08 (0.91 ~ 1.27)

 

1.08 (0.92 ~ 1.28)

≧ 2.39 mg/L

394 (51.30)

1.37 (1.18 ~ 1.59)

1.34 (1.14 ~ 1.57)

1.24 (1.06 ~ 1.45)

 

1.23 (1.05 ~ 1.44)

P-trend

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.004

 

0.005

CVD mortality

< 0.41 mg/L

83 (11.01)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

Ref.

≧ 0.41 and < 0.97 mg/ L

104 (13.35)

1.14 (0.86 ~ 1.53)

1.15 (0.85 ~ 1.57)

1.05 (0.77 ~ 1.43)

 

1.05 (0.77 ~ 1.44)

≧ 0.97 and < 2.39 mg/L

106 (13.75)

1.22 (0.92 ~ 1.62)

1.17 (0.88 ~ 1.59)

1.09 (0.80 ~ 1.48)

 

1.07 (0.78 ~ 1.46)

≧ 2.39 mg/L

155 (20.18)

1.78 (1.37 ~ 2.33)

1.69 (1.28 ~ 2.23)

1.37 (1.04 ~ 1.85)

 

1.35 (1.03 ~ 1.78)

P-trend

 

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.021

 

0.032

Non-CVD mortality

< 0.41 mg/L

210 (27.85)

Ref.

Ref.

Ref.

 

Ref.

≧ 0.41 and < 0.97 mg/L

215 (27.60)

1.01 (0.83 ~ 1.21)

1.01 (0.83 ~ 1.23)

0.97 (0.80 ~ 1.18)

 

0.97 (0.80 ~ 1.19)

≧ 0.97 and < 2.39 mg/L

209 (27.11)

1.05 (0.87 ~ 1.27)

1.06 (0.87 ~ 1.29)

1.09 (0.89 ~ 1.33)

 

1.10 (0.89 ~ 1.34)

≧ 2.39 mg/L

239 (31.12)

1.29 (1.07 ~ 1.55)

1.28 (1.06 ~ 1.54)

1.23 (1.02 ~ 1.50)

 

1.23 (1.02 ~ 1.49)

P-trend

 

0.007

0.013

0.014

 

0.015

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age; model 2: additionally adjusted for sex, province of sampling, the month of sampling, ethnicity, residence, living status, education, marital status, outdoor activities, vitamin supplements, smoking, drinking, and BMI; Model 3: additionally adjusted for ADL, cognitive function, depression, albumin, blood glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, medical care treatment, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. 25(OH)D, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratios; CI, confidence interval