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Table 4 Unadjusted and adjusted association between demographic characteristics and food security statusd among older people living in Tehran, Iran (N = 583)

From: Food security and its association with socioeconomic status and dietary diversity in free living older people in Tehran, Iran

FS (n = 330)

FI without hunger (n = 148)

FI with moderate hunger (n = 81)

FI with severe hunger (n = 24)

1.00 Ref

OR (95% CI)a unadjusted

OR (95% CI) adjustedb

OR (95% CI) adjustedc

OR (95% CI)a unadjusted

OR (95% CI) adjustedb

OR (95% CI) adjustedc

OR (95% CI)a unadjusted

OR (95% CI) adjustedb

OR (95% CI) adjustedc

Age (years)

 60–65

0.572

(0.324–1.010)

0.618

(0.342–1.115)

0.676

(0.346–1.323)

0.497

(0.248–0.998)*

0.427

(0.206–0.886)*

0.317

(0.134–0.749)*

0.870

(0.216–3.506)

0.908

(0.216–3.819)

1.237

(0.252–6.079)

 66–75

0.663

(0.387–1.135)

0.696

(0.403–1.203)

0.675

(0.374–1.219)

0.609

(0.318–1.164)

0.551

(0.284–1.070)

0.417

(0.199–0.877)*

1.153

(0.312–4.258)

1.185

(0.315–4.456)

1.477

(0.364–5.995)

 76–80

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

Sex

 Female

0.753

(0.510–1.113)

0.897

(0.368–2.184)

0.653

(0.347–1.231)

1.249

(0.762–2.047)

1.467

(0.873–2.464)

1.438

(0.644–3.212)

0.877

(0.370–2.078)

0.821

(0.547–1.232)

1.367

(0.297–6.301)

 Male

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

Marital status

 Single

1.178

(0.727–1.909)

1.353

(0.799–2.292)

1.274

(0.650–2.500)

1.542

(0.874–2.723)

1.365

(0.735–2.535)

1.607

(0.744–3.471)

0.963

(0.315–2.944)

0.998

(0.999–2.301)

1.053

(0.245–4.535)

 Married

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

Ethnicity

 Fars

0.512

(0.311–0.841)*

0.517

(0.314–0.853)*

0.549

(0.324–0.931)*

0.636

(0.341–1.186)

0.649

(0.346–1.217)

0.648

(0.330–1.272)

0.129

(0.047–0.353)*

0.130

(0.047–0.358)*

0.146

(0.051–0.424)*

 Azeri

1.215

(0.687–2.148)

1.200

(0.674–2.134)

0.824

(0.443–1.532)

1.186

(0.575–2.449)

1.265

(0.608–2.634)

0.802

(0.363–1.770)

0.235

(0.064–0.866)*

0.228

(0.061–0.850)*

0.164

(0.041–0.654)*

 Other

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

Living arrangement

 With family

0.821

(0.454–1.482)

0.775

(0.420–1.431)

0.900

(0.462–1.751)

0.866

(0.411–1.825)

1.025

(0.474–2.220)

1.031

(0.451–2.357)

1.237

(0.278–5.508)

1.247

(0.271–5.744)

1.469

(0.308–7.017)

 Living alone

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

Relationship to the head of the household

 Spouse

0.710

(0.464–1.085)

0.812

(0.458–1.429)

0.878

(0.448–1.721)

0.726

(0.426–1.238)

0.525

(0.273–1.009)

0.406

(0.188–0.876)*

0.675

(0.257–0.771)

0.619

(0.183–2.093)

0.516

(0.130–2.048)

 Head

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

1.00 Ref

Number of children living with older people

1.083

(0.901–1.301)

1.101

(0.913–1.328)

1.092

(0.894–1.333)

1.054

(0.837–1.329)

1.115

(0.882–1.410)

1.100

(0.855–1.417)

1.004

(0.661–1.526)

1.011

(0.660–1.550)

0.977

(0.630–1.313)

Number of children not living with older people

1.171

(1.051–1.304)*

1.165

(1.042–1.302)*

1.049

(0.923–1.193)

1.224

(1.072–1.396)*

1.200

(1.047–1.375)*

1.054

(0.897–1.238)

1.126

(0.890–1.426)

1.120

(0.879–1.428)

0.966

(0.738–1.264)

  1. Ref., reference category
  2. aCalculated by multinomial logistic regression. 95% CI: Confidence Interval of the 95%.OR: odds radio
  3. bAdjusted for age and sex
  4. cAdjusted for age, sex, household income per month, education level, employment status, living arrangement, residential area
  5. dThe reference group for food security status is food secure
  6. *Significant, all statistical significance was tested at P < 0.05 level
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BMC Geriatrics

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