Table 2 Socio-economic characteristics by sex of the participants, Tehran, Iran (N = 583)
|  | Male (n = 279) N (%) | Female (n = 304) N (%) | Total (n = 583) N (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Education level | Illiterate/elementary | 138 (49.5) | 166 (54.6) | 304 (52.1) | 0.228 |
Middle/high/diploma | 94 (33.7) | 101 (33.2) | 195 (33.4) | ||
Bachelor or higher | 47 (16.8) | 37 (12.2) | 84 (14.5) | ||
Employment status | Employed | 35 (12.5) | 4 (1.3) | 39 (6.7) |  < 0.0001* |
Retired | 208 (74.6) | 54 (17.8) | 262 (44.9) | ||
Housewives | 5 (1.8) | 240 (78.9) | 245 (42.0) | ||
Unemployed | 21 (7.5) | 3 (1.0) | 24 (4.2) | ||
Other | 10 (3.6) | 3 (1.0) | 13 (2.2) | ||
House ownership status | Owner | 237 (85.2) | 253 (83.4) | 490 (84.3) | 0.642 |
Tenant | 42 (14.8) | 51 (16.6) | 93 (15.7) | ||
Area of residence | more-developed | 77 (27.6) | 94 (30.9) | 171 (29.3) | 0.182 |
medium-upward developed | 71 (25.5) | 74 (24.3) | 145 (24.9) | ||
medium-downward developed | 92 (36.9) | 103 (30.3) | 195 (33.4) | ||
least-developed | 28 (10.0) | 44 (14.5) | 72 (12.4) | ||
Household monthly income (US$) |  < 74 | 29 (10.0) | 71 (23.2) | 100 (16.9) |  < 0.0001* |
74–148.15 | 121 (43.8) | 149 (49.2) | 270 (46.7) | ||
148.15–222.22 | 71 (25.5) | 42 (13.8) | 113 (19.5) | ||
 > 222.22 | 58 (20.7) | 42 (13.8) | 100 (16.9) | ||
Household size | 3.15 ± 1.37a | 2.88 ± 1.44a | 3.01 ± 1.41a | 0.619 | |
Welfare index | 63.23 ± 31.33a | 64.42 ± 29.05a | 63.86 ± 30.14a | 0.479 | |