Does cognitive impairment moderate the relationship between social isolation and anxiety? A 5-year longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of community residing older adults

Table 4 Weighted Multivariable Linear Regression on Changes in Anxiety (n = 920)

		B	SE	t	p
Independent variable	Changes in PSI: Loneliness Item 2: Feeling Left Out	0.523	0.307	1.71	0.094
	Item 3: Feeling Socially Isolated	0.725	0.293	2.47	0.017
	Cognition
	Maintained Normal Cognition	reference
	Development of Probable MCI	-0.284	0.333	-0.85	0.397
	Development of Probable Dementia	-0.187	0.813	-0.23	0.819
	Interaction Terms (×)
	Item 2 × Development of Probable MCI	-0.235	0.547	-0.43	0.669
	Item 2 × Development of Probable Dementia	0.327	0.953	-0.34	0.733
	Item 3 × Development of Probable MCI	-1.26	0.862	-1.46	0.150
	Item 3 × Development of Probable Dementia	-1.04	2.16	-0.49	0.629
Covariates	Basic Activities of Daily Living	-0.388	0.163	-2.38	0.021
	Depression	-0.133	0.056	-2.38	0.021
	Constant	2.931	1.172	2.50	0.016
	R² = 0.05, F = 2.81, p = 0.0094

Note: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cutoff score of 22 were used for the cognitive group. People who were cognitively intact in Wave 2 and developed cognitive impairment in Wave 3 were categorized as ‘New Development of Probable Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) (n = 226)’ and ‘New Development of Probable Dementia (n = 56).’ People who were cognitively intact in Wave 2 and again in Wave 3 were categorized as ‘Maintained Normal Cognition (n = 837).’; ×=interaction; PSI = Perceived Social Isolation

ISSN: 1471-2318