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Table 2 Association between ADL limitations and physical examination among older adults with informal care

From: Activities of daily living limitations and the use of physical examination among older adults with informal care in China: do gender and residence make differences?

Characteristics

Model 1a

 

Model 2b

 

Model 3c

 

Model 4d

 

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

OR (95% CI)

P-value

Main terms

        

ADL limitations (No Ref)

       

 Yes

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

0.350

0.74 (0.64, 0.87)

<0.001

0.86 (0.70, 1.07)

0.172

0.55 (0.44, 0.68)

<0.001

Gender (Male Ref)

        

 Female

  

1.07 (0.96, 1.19)

0.215

1.11 (0.99, 1.25)

0.066

1.07 (0.96, 1.19)

0.225

Region (Urban Ref)

        

 Rural

  

0.94 (0.84, 1.04)

0.213

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

0.226

0.87 (0.78, 0.97)

0.012

Interaction term

        

ADL limitations×Gender

 (Without ADL limitations×Male Ref )

      

 ADL limitations×Female

   

0.76 (0.57, 1.00)

0.050

  

ADL limitations×Region

 (Without ADL limitations×Urban Ref )

      

 ADL limitations×Rural

     

1.70 (1.29, 2.25)

<0.001

Controls

        

Age (65–74 Ref)

        

 ≥75

  

1.51 (1.30, 1.74)

<0.001

1.51 (1.31, 1.75)

<0.001

1.52 (1.32, 1.76)

<0.001

Education (Illiterate Ref)

       

 Primary school

  

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

0.361

0.94 (0.82, 1.07)

0.326

0.94 (0.83, 1.08)

0.389

 Middle school

  

0.73 (0.63, 0.84)

<0.001

0.73 (0.63, 0.84)

<0.001

0.73 (0.63, 0.84)

<0.001

 High school and above

 

0.79 (0.66, 0.95)

0.011

0.79 (0.66, 0.95)

0.011

1.78 (0.65, 0.94)

0.010

Marital status e (Single Ref)

       

 Married

  

1.12 (0.97, 1.29)

0.139

1.11 (0.96, 1.28)

0.158

1.12 (0.97, 1.30)

0.125

Household income f (Q1 Ref)

       

 Q2

  

0.69 (0.60, 0.79)

<0.001

0.69 (0.60, 0.80)

<0.001

0.70 (0.61, 1.80)

<0.001

 Q3

  

0.70 (0.61, 0.81)

<0.001

0.70 (0.61, 0.81)

<0.001

0.71 (0.61, 0.82)

<0.001

 Q4

  

0.78 (0.66, 0.92)

0.004

0.78 (0.66, 0.92)

0.004

0.78 (0.66, 0.92)

0.003

BMI (Underweight Ref)

       

 Normal

  

1.12 (0.90, 1.39)

0.297

1.12 (0.90, 1.40)

0.291

1.12 (0.90, 1.40)

0.294

 Overweight

  

1.08 (0.87, 1.35)

0.477

1.09 (0.87, 1.36)

0.459

1.08 (0.87, 1.35)

0.484

 Obesity

  

1.08 (0.84, 1.39)

0.541

1.09 (0.85, 1.39)

0.505

1.08 (0.84, 1.38)

0.549

Self-rated health

  

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

0.013

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

0.012

1.00 (1.00, 1.01)

0.010

Chronic health conditions

 (No chronic condition Ref)

      

 One chronic condition

 

1.54 (1.38, 1.73)

<0.001

1.55 (1.38, 1.73)

<0.001

1.55 (1.38, 1.73)

<0.001

 Multimorbidity

  

2.03 (1.75, 2.35)

<0.001

2.03 (1.75, 2.35)

<0.001

2.04 (1.76, 2.36)

<0.001

  1. Note: ADL= Activities of daily living; CI= Confidence interval; OR= odds ratio
  2. a Model 1: Unadjusted;
  3. b Model 2: Additionally adjusted for gender, region, age, education, marriage status, BMI, household income, self-rated health, and chronic health conditions;
  4. c Model 3: Adjusted for model 2 criteria and the interaction between activities of daily living and gender;
  5. d Model 4: Adjusted for model 2 criteria and the interaction between activities of daily living and region;
  6. e Singles include those who are unmarried (56, 0.67%), divorced (35, 0.42%) and widowed (1205, 14.42%);
  7. f Quartile 1 (Q1) was the poorest and Quartile 4 (Q4) was the richest;
  8. Statistically significant p < 0.05 values are indicated in bold
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BMC Geriatrics

ISSN: 1471-2318

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