Activities of daily living limitations and the use of physical examination among older adults with informal care in China: do gender and residence make differences?

Table 1 Basic characteristic of the participants among older adults with informal care

Characteristic	N (%)	Physicalexamination		P-value ^c
Characteristic	N (%)	Yes (%)	No (%)	P-value ^c
Observations	8358	6044(72.31)	2314(27.69)
Age (years)				<0.001
60-74	6815 (81.54)	4823 (79.80)	1992 (86.08)
≥75	1543 (18.46)	1221 (20.20)	322 (13.92)
Gender				0.001
Male	4020 (48.10)	2840 (46.99)	1180 (50.99)
Female	4338 (51.90)	3204 (53.01)	1134 (49.01)
Region				0.756
Urban	4043 (48.37)	2930 (48.48)	1113 (48.10)
Rural	4315 (51.63)	3114 (51.52)	1201 (51.90)
Education				<0.001
Illiterate	2576 (30.82)	1946 (32.20)	630 (27.23)
Primary school	2734 (32.71)	2008 (33.22)	726 (31.37)
Middle school	1957 (23.41)	1323 (21.89)	634 (27.40)
High school and above	1091 (13.05)	767 (12.69)	324 (14.00)
Marital status				0.107
Single ^a	1311 (15.69)	972 (16.08)	339 (14.65)
Married	7047 (84.31)	5072 (83.92)	1975 (85.35)
Household income ^b				<0.001
Q1	2112 (25.27)	1639 (27.12)	473 (20.44)
Q2	2471 (29.56)	1718 (28.42)	753 (32.54)
Q3	2060 (24.65)	1444 (23.89)	616 (26.62)
Q4	1715 (20.52)	1243 (20.57)	472 (20.40)
BMI				0.909
Underweight	479 (5.73)	343 (5.68)	136 (5.88)
Normal	3732 (44.65)	2702 (44.71)	1030 (44.51)
Overweight	3030 (36.25)	2183 (36.12)	847 (36.60)
Obesity	1117 (13.36)	816 (13.50)	301 (13.01)
Self-rated health, mean (SD)	72.40 (17.86)	72.22 (17.56)	72.87 (18.62)	0.141
Chronic health conditions				<0.001
No chronic condition	3713 (44.42)	2485 (41.12)	1228 (53.07)
One chronic condition	2920 (34.94)	2193 (36.28)	727 (31.42)
Multimorbidity	1725 (20.64)	1366 (22.60)	359 (15.51)
Activities of daily living limitations				0.350
Yes	1180 (14.12)	840 (13.90)	340 (14.69)
No	7178 (85.88)	5204 (86.10)	1974 (85.31)

Note:
^a Singles include those who are unmarried (56, 0.67%), divorced (35, 0.42%) and widowed (1205, 14.42%);
^b Quartile 1 (Q1) was the poorest and Quartile 4 (Q4) was the richest;
^c The statistical significance was set as a two-tailed and p-values less than 0.05; Student’s t-test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables were used to examine the differences between older adults who received informal care with and without physical examination;
The total percentage may not equal to 100 due to rounding;
Abbreviations: SD= Standard deviation; BMI= Body mass index

ISSN: 1471-2318