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Table 2 Association between GNRI and clinical outcomes occurred at the hospital and during follow-up

From: Geriatric nutritional risk index and adverse medical outcomes among Egyptian patients admitted to a geriatric hospital: a prospective cohort study

Health Complications

Total patients (n=334)

High nutritional risk (n=152)

Low nutritional risk (n=60)

No nutritional risk (n=122)

P-valuea

No. (%)

During hospitalization

 Bed sores

31 (9.3)

21 (13.8)

4 (6.7)

6 (4.9)

0.031

 Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs)

102 (30.5)

64 (42.1)

18 (30.0)

20 (16.4)

<0.001

  • Hospital-acquired Pneumonia

27 (8.1)

17 (11.2)

6 (10.0)

4 (3.3)

0.048

  • Surgical Wound Infection

10 (3.0)

8 (5.3)

1 (1.7)

1 (0.8)

0.079

  • Urinary tract infection

30 (9.0)

20 (13.2)

3 (5.0)

7 (5.7)

0.050

  • Catheter infection

1 (0.3)

1 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1.000

  • Blood infection

2 (0.6)

2 (1.3)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0.667

  • Oral infection

1 (0.3)

1 (0.7)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1.000

  • Hospital-acquired COVID-19 infection

50 (15.0)

27 (17.8)

12 (20.0)

11 (9.0)

0.063

 Hospital LOS

Median (IQR)

10 (8)

12 (12) b

10 (6)

8 (8)

0.001

 Outcome at Discharge

Death

30 (9.0)

23 (15.1)

3 (5.0)

4 (3.3)

<0.001

Transfer to another unit

17 (5.0)

8 (5.3)

1 (1.7)

8 (6.6)

transfer to ICU

39 (11.7)

28 (18.4)

6 (10.0)

5 (4.1)

to home

248 (74.3)

93 (61.2)

50 (83.3)

105 (86.1)

During follow up after discharge

 

 Medical condition improved after discharge (n=304)

Yes

71 (23.4)

13 (10.1)

11 (19.3)

47 (39.8)

<0.001

partially

61 (20.1)

19 (14.7)

14 (24.6)

28 (23.7)

No

118 (38.8)

69 (53.5)

21 (36.8)

28 (23.7)

loss of follow up

54 (17.8)

28 (21.7)

11 (19.3)

15 (12.7)

 New medical conditions come up (n=250) c

132 (52.8)

75 (74.3)

27 (58.7)

30 (29.1)

<0.001

 Readmission to hospital (n=250)c

55 (22.0)

24 (23.8)

12 (26.1)

19 (18.4)

0.449

 Death during follow up (n=250) c

42 (16.8)

21 (20.8)

10 (21.7)

11 (10.7)

0.095

 Overall mortality (n=280)d

72 (25.7)

44 (35.5)

13 (26.5)

15 (14.0)

0.001

  1. LOS Length of stay
  2. Bold values indicate significant values
  3. aP‐value according to Chi‐square, Fisher exact, and Kruskal‐Wallis tests
  4. bSignificantly different from the other groups by Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction
  5. cThe percentages were calculated after the removal of patients who died at the hospital and those who lost to follow up
  6. dThe percentages were calculated after removing patients who lost to follow up
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