| OLS | FE | IV | IVFE |
---|---|---|---|---|
CHEI score | 0.024\(^{**}\) | 0.023\(^{*}\) | 0.037\(^{*}\) | 0.035\(^{*}\) |
 | (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.016) | (0.016) |
Age | -0.128\(^{***}\) | -0.128\(^{***}\) | -0.128\(^{***}\) | -0.128\(^{***}\) |
 | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.011) |
Gender | -0.267 | -0.269 | -0.281 | -0.283 |
 | (0.181) | (0.181) | (0.182) | (0.182) |
Urban/Rural | 0.878\(^{***}\) | 0.894\(^{***}\) | 0.864\(^{***}\) | 0.879\(^{***}\) |
 | (0.178) | (0.178) | (0.179) | (0.179) |
Education | 0.595\(^{***}\) | 0.585\(^{***}\) | 0.573\(^{***}\) | 0.563\(^{***}\) |
 | (0.108) | (0.108) | (0.110) | (0.110) |
Log(income) | 0.063 | 0.061 | 0.036 | 0.034 |
 | (0.077) | (0.077) | (0.082) | (0.082) |
BMI | 0.104 | 0.099 | 0.097 | 0.093 |
 | (0.096) | (0.096) | (0.096) | (0.096) |
ADL disability | -1.254\(^{**}\) | -1.216\(^{**}\) | -1.224\(^{**}\) | -1.188\(^{**}\) |
 | (0.400) | (0.400) | (0.400) | (0.401) |
Physical activity | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
 | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) |
Drinker | -0.028 | -0.035 | -0.023 | -0.029 |
 | (0.191) | (0.190) | (0.190) | (0.191) |
Smoker | 0.337 | 0.339 | 0.339 | 0.341 |
 | (0.186) | (0.186) | (0.186) | (0.186) |
Diabetes | -0.636 | -0.629 | -0.663 | -0.657 |
 | (0.388) | (0.388) | (0.388) | (0.389) |
Hypertension | -0.548\(^{**}\) | -0.551\(^{**}\) | -0.559\(^{**}\) | -0.562\(^{**}\) |
 | (0.194) | (0.194) | (0.194) | (0.194) |
Constant | 21.960\(^{***}\) | 22.050\(^{***}\) | 21.440\(^{***}\) | 21.540\(^{***}\) |
 | (1.072) | (1.073) | (1.194) | (1.199) |
Observations | 3,108 | 3,108 | 3,108 | 3,108 |
R-squared | 0.093 | 0.091 | 0.093 | 0.093 |
ID FE | N | Y | N | Y |
YEAR FE | N | Y | N | Y |