Table 3 Univariate analysis of the type of surgery and the expression of POD or no-POD

Age (years)

80,8 ± 4,4 (77–89)

78,1 ± 4,5 (75–87)

86,4 ± 7,5 (75–99)

83,4 ± 6,6 (76–99)

0.070^a

0.048^a

0.090^a

Female, No. (%)

9 (81,8%)

40 (61,5%)

19 (70,4%)

38 (79,2%)

0.972^b

0.026^b

0.308^b

Male, No. (%)

2 (18,2%)

25 (38,5%)

8 (29,6%)

10 (20,8%)

BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²

24,50 ± 4,33

27,29 ± 5,23

25,52 ± 4,31

26,25 ± 5,01

0.098^a

0.282^a

0.051^a

ASA

 1 or 2

3 (27,3%)

44 (67,7%)

12 (44,4%)

19 (39,6%)

0.035^b

0.082^b

0.222^b

 3 or 4

8 (72,7%)

21 (32,3%)

15 (55,6%)

29 (60,4%)

Anticholineric Drug Scale

1 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.225^a

0.417^a

0.702^a

Pre-operative MMSE

27,4 ± 3 (25–30)

28,4 ± 1,5 (27–30)

28,0 ± 2,3 (24–30)

28,4 ± 1,5 (26–30)

0.081^a

0.453^a

0.195^a

Charlson Comorbidities Index

4 (3–6)

4 (3–5)

6 (4–8)

4 (4–5)

0.195^a

0.017^a

 < 0.001^a

Clock drawing test

9 (7–10)

10 (7–10)

0 (0–5)

7 (5–10)

0.387^a

 < 0.001^a

 < 0.001^a

Frailty score

2 (1–3)

1 (0–2)

3 (2–3)

2 (1–2)

0.037^a

 < 0.001^a

 < 0.001^a

Mini Nutrition Assessment

12 (12–13)

13 (12–14)

11 (10–12)

12 (11–13)

0.131^a

 < 0.001^a

 < 0.001^a

Length of anesthesia (min)

97 (79–149)

123 (108–139)

125 (97–148)

121 (102–153)

0.144^a

0.497^a

0.201^a

Length of operation (min)

46 (40–85)

60 (51–78)

63 (45–83)

65 (47–93)

0.215^a

0.93^a

0.630^a

Length of hospital stay (days)

11 (9–14)

11 (10–12)

10 (8–14)

10 (8–15)

0.594^a

0.786^a

0.737^a

Type of anesthesia

 Spinal anesthesia

5 (45,5%)

54 (83,1%)

16 (59,3%)

27 56,3%)

0.032^b

0.800^b

0.158^b

 General anesthesia

6 (54,5%)

11 (16,9%)

11 (40,7%)

21 (43,8%)

 Admission to ICU

1 (9,1%)

0

3 (11,1%)

7 (14,6%)

n.v

0.673^a

0.376^a

 Length of ICU stay (days)

1 (1–1)

0

3 (2–3)

2 (1–7)

n.v

0.199^a

0.494^a