Table 2 Comparison POD vs. no-POD

Age, mean (SD), years

81.4 (6.6)

83.2 (7.5)

80.8 (6.2)

0.090^a

Female, No. (%)

106 (70,2%)

24 (63,2%)

82 (72,6%)

0,308^b

Male, No. (%)

45 (29,8%)

14 36,8%)

31 (27,4%)

BMI, mean (SD), kg/m²

26,43 ± 4,97

25,22 ± 4,28

26,84 ± 5,14

0,051^a

ASA Score

 1 or 2

78 (51,7%)

15 (39,5%)

63 (55,7%)

0,222^b

 3 or 4

73 (48,3%)

23 (60,5)

50 (44,3%)

Anticholineric drug scale

1 (1–3)

1 (2–3)

1 (0–2)

0,702^a

Pre-operative MMSE

28,2 ± 1,9 (26–30)

28,3 ± 1,8 (24–30)

28,1 ± 2,1 (26–30)

0.711^a

Charlson comorbidities index

4 (4–5)

5 (4–7)

4 (3–5)

 < 0,001^a

Clock drawing test

7 (5–10)

5 (0–7)

10 (7–10)

 < 0,001^a

Frailty score

2 (1–3)

3 (2–3)

1 (1–2)

 < 0,001^a

Mini Nutrition Assessment

12 (12–13)

12 (10–12)

13 (12–13)

 < 0,001^a

Length of anesthesia (min)

122 (101–145)

108 (92–148)

122 (104–144)

0,201^a

Length of operation (min)

62 (48–80)

62 (44–84)

62 (50–79)

0,630^a

Length of hospital stay (days)

11 (9–13)

11 (8–14)

11 (9–13)

0,737^a

Type of anesthesia

 Spinal anesthesia

103 (68,2%)

22 (57,9%)

81 (71,7%)

0,158^b

 General anesthesia

48 (31,8%)

16 (42,1%)

32 (28,3%)

 Admission to ICU

11 (7,3%)

4 (10,5%)

7 (6,2%)

0,376^a

 Length of ICU stay (days)

2 (1–7)

3 (1–19)

2 (1–7)

0,494^a